I-Longyearbyen iyisikhungo esikhulu sokuhlala nokuphatha esifundazweni saseSvalbard. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-2000 bahlala kuso. Kutholakala i-Longyearbyen ogwini olusentshonalanga lwe-Spitsbergen. Umuzi wabizwa ngokuthi umnikazi wekampani yokumba izimayini. Eduze i-Svalbard Airport - enyakatho kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Ukusungulwa
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ze-Longyearbyen kunganciphisa izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Umgwaqo wokuqala ku-Spitsbergen wakhiwa eduze kweLingira ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, kodwa awazange asetshenziswe eminyakeni yempi. Ngesikhathi sehlobo ukukhulumisana ne-archipelago kwenziwa olwandle, futhi kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMeyi bekubekwe eceleni. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, iNorway Air Force yaqala ukuhamba ngezindiza ze-mail isebenzisa izindiza zeCatalina, ezavela eTromsø futhi zaphonsa amaphasela e-Longyearbyen ngaphandle kokufika.
- Lapho umhlali wendawo egule kakhulu, kwakudingeka agijimele waya enyakatho. Gcina iNorske, inkampani yezimayini, isuse umgwaqo okhona futhi ufike ngempumelelo. Kwakungu-February 9, 1959, futhi ngoMashi 11 ukufika kwesibili kwezindiza zeposi kwenzeka.
- Ukuze izindiza zeposi, uCatalina wayefanelekile, kodwa ukuhamba kwabantu nabantu bezimpahla kwaba mncane. Bese ugcina i-Norske ikhiphe omunye umgwaqo we-1,800 m, kanti uDouglas DC-4 wenza indiza yokuhlola nabagibeli. Lezi zindiza zaqala ukuhamba kanye ngonyaka, kodwa kuphela emini, njengoba kungekho ukukhanya.
- Ukufika kokuqala ebusuku kuqhutshwa ngoDisemba 8, 1965, lapho umgwaqo ukhanyiswa ngezibani zikaparafini nezibani zezimoto ezipakwe emgqeni. Ngakho kancane kancane eLongyearbyen yaqala ukusebenza esikhumulweni sezindiza , ngo-1972 kwakukhona izindiza eziyikhulu kakade.
- Ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zempi akuvunyelwe eSvalbard. ISoviet Union yayikhathazekile ngokuthi isikhumulo sezindiza esihlala njalo singasetshenziswa yi-NATO. Kodwa amaSoviet aphinde adinga isikhumulo sezindiza ukuze asebenze ezindaweni zokuhlala, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 isivumelwano satholwa phakathi kwamazwe amabili.
- Ukwakhiwa kwezindiza e-Longyearbyen kwaqala ngo-1973. Ububunzima bokuthi kwakudingeka ukwakha ku-permafrost. Umgwaqo wawuqhelelene nomhlabathi ukuze ungancibiliki ehlobo. I-hangar yakhiwe emasendeni ahlanganiswa emhlabathini futhi efriziwe. Kwakunzima ukwakha umgwaqo, kwadingeka ngilungise kabusha izikhathi eziningana.
- Ngo-2006, ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, kwakhiwa amakhamera amasha futhi i-terminal yavuselelwa. Namuhla, lo mgwaqo ungamamitha angu-2 483 ubude nobubanzi obungamamitha angu-45, ngaphansi kwawo ungqimba lwe-frost resistant kusuka kumamitha angu-1 ukuya kwangu-4 ubukhulu, okudingekayo ukuvimbela ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Umsebenzi wezindiza kulezi zinsuku
Isikhumulo sezindiza singamakhilomitha amathathu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobha laseNorway laseLongyearbyen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, likhonza indawo yokuhlala yaseRussia yaseBarentsburg. I-Norway iyingxenye yendawo ye-Schengen, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi ku-Spitsbergen. Kusukela ngo-2011, isikhumulo sezindiza seSvalbard sinokulawulwa kwepasipoti, udinga ukukhombisa ipasipoti noma ikhadi lokungena e-EU, noma amalungelo okushayela aseNorway, ithikithi lempi liyadingeka.
Isikhumulo sezindiza inikeza izinsizakalo zayo:
- itekisi nokuqasha imoto ;
- ibhasi, ukuqhubela emahoreni;
- imoto yokupaka izikhala zokupaka ezingu-200.
I-Scandinavian Airlines inikeza umsebenzi we-SAS, okwenza izindiza zansukuzonke ziye e-Oslo naseTromso.
Ungafika kanjani?
E-Spitsbergen, umzila we-Vei 200 uholela e-Longyearbyen, futhi ungayishiya ne-vei 232. Izindiza ze-Longyearbyen ezindizayo ezivela eTromso , Oslo , Domodedovo.