Umbukiso weShroud of Turin wembula. Ingabe umzimba kaKristu wawubanjwe kuwo ngemva kokufa?
Ososayensi abaphika iqiniso lokuthi ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu, ngezinye izikhathi babhekene neziqu, lapho isayensi engakwazi ukuthola incazelo. Kubantu abazethembayo abakholelwa ukuthi uMlilo Ongcwele eJerusalema ungumgogodla wesikhanyiso ophindaphindiwe, isenzakalo sobuKristu esingavamile kakhulu sihlala iTurin Shroud. Ubuso bukaMdali noma indaba yakhe ukuphrinta ngempela kuso - indaba enhle yezinganekwane esihlokweni seBhayibheli?
Umlando Wokuqhosha
Mayelana neSikhumbuzo kubhekiswa kuzo zonke izincwadi ezine zeVangeli. Ezincwadini ezivela kuMathewu, uMarku, uLuka noJohane, ngokuphazamiseka okuncane, kuthiwa ngendwangu yelineni emine lapho uJosefa ebopha khona umzimba kaJesu Kristu emva kokususwa kwakhe ekubethelelweni. Emva kokuvuka kukaMesiya ngokuyisimangaliso, uhlamvu olufanayo lwendwangu lwatholakala ebhokisini. Ihlukanisa ngokucacile ukushicilelwa kwesilwane samadoda ngamanxeba endaweni yezinyawo, ikhanda, izingalo nesifuba.
"Kusihlwa, indoda ecebile evela e-Arimathaya yafika ngegama likaJoseph, owayefunda noJesu; wafika kuPilatu wabuza isidumbu sikaJesu. Khona-ke uPilatu wayala ukunikezwa komzimba; futhi ethatha isidumbu, uJosefa wasibopha ngendwangu ehlanzekile wayibeka ebhokisini lakhe elisha, alidweba edwaleni; futhi, ethululela itshe elikhulu emnyango webhokisi, ethatha umhlalaphansi "
Izinsolo zokuqala ukuthi indaba yeSikhumbuzo - engaphezu kwefantasy, yavuswa yindlela yesonto eByzantium XI leminyaka. Phakathi kwabapristi lapho, i-altare lihlanganisa isithombe sikaKristu - eqinisweni, ikhophi, ingubo efanayo yomngcwabo - yaqala ukuthandwa. Ebandleni ngalinye laseConstantinople, izithombo eziningana ezinjalo zingatholakala.
Isikhathi sokuqala mayelana nokuqala kweSikhumbuzo saseTurin emlandweni kuyaziwa ngo-1353. I-French knight Geoffroy de Charney endaweni yakhe eduze neParis ibonisa isembozo sokukhulekela, ukuyikhombisa ngokuzithandela kuwo wonke umuntu futhi ilandisa indaba yendwangu. Ngo-1345 wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wokulwa nejoka laseTurkey, lapho empini yakwazi ukuthola indawo engcwele yobuKristu ezandleni zakhe. Ukutholwa kukaGeoffrey kwavezwa umndeni wasebukhosini: bakha isonto elizungeze isigqoko sabo futhi bamisa uhambo oluya kulo.
Izimpondo zakwazi ukuceba ngokushesha futhi zinikeze isiqongo esizukulwaneni lapho iziNgisi zihlasela indawo. Bamyisa eSwitzerland futhi bathengiswa ngenzuzo kumaDukes of Savoy. Umndeni ohloniphekile wabiza ochwepheshe baseVatican ukuba bahlole lesi sigqoko. isinqumo sabo sasi:
"Umdwebo ojwayelekile ongenanzuzo."
Ngo-1983 izikhulu zanikelwa eTurin - iVatican yaba umnikazi wayo, eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule eyayiyibona ingubo engelutho.
Imiphumela eshaqisayo yokutadisha uShroud
Ngakho-ke, indlu engcwele iyindwangu yelineni enezithombe ezimbili zesilisa. Ama-forensics akholelwa ukuthi umuntu obanjwe kuwo wayeyisisulu sokufa okubudlova, ngaphambi kokuba ahlukunyezwe ngokushaywa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ubuso bakhe ngezandla zakhe zigoqiwe kanye nemilenze yakhe ndawonye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngemuva komuntu ofanayo onomvalo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yibo lwaqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo oqoshiwe owenziwe ngamathishu wavela lapho isidumbu sasihlanganiswe kuso.
I-version ye-criminologists iphoqelelwe ukuba ikhishwe emtatsheni wezintatheli oqoshiwe wamarekhodi eVatican mayelana nesigameko esenzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Umthwebuli wezithombe uScondo Pia wathatha izithombe ezimbalwa, futhi ngokubonakaliswa kokubona okungalungile umbhalo ocacile kaJesu Kristu. Futhi, kuwo ama-nuances amancane ebusweni ayebonakala ngaphezu kwendwangu ngokwayo.
"Ngesikhathi ngisebenza ngokungahambi kahle kwefilimu ebumnyameni welebhu yezithombe, ngabona ngokuzumayo ukuthi isithombe esihle sikaJesu Kristu saqala ukuvela kanjani epulatifheni yezithombe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungekho umkhawulo wokujabula. Ngichitha ubusuku lonke ngibheka futhi ngibheka kabili ukutholakala. Konke kwakufana nalokhu: kwi-Turin Shroud yanyathelisa umfanekiso omubi kaJesu Kristu, futhi into enhle ingatholakala ngokwenza okungalungile kwiScroud of Turin "
Ingabe abaphikisayo babefakazela okuphambene na?
Ngo-1988, kubhala icala elilodwa emlandweni, lapho iRoma ivumela ukusika isiqephu esincane sesigxobo sokuhlolwa. Ihlukaniswe yaba yizingxenye ezintathu futhi yathunyelwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba: i-University of Arizona, i-Polytechnic Institute eSwitzerland Zurich naseYunivesithi yase-Oxford e-United Kingdom. Ososayensi bavumile ukuthi le ndoda yenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphakathi kweminyaka eyi-1275 no-1381. Indlela yokugqoka, ngokubona kwabo, iqinisekisa ukungenakwenzeka kwendalo yayo ezikhathini zasendulo - le ndlela yasungulwa eNkathini Ephakathi. Ayengenakunyakaziswa emiphumeleni yokuxilongwa, ngoba isetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe bamuva: ukuskena kwe-ultraviolet, ukubukeka kwe-spectroscopy kanye nokuthandana kwe-radiocarbon.
Imicimbi engaqondakali ehlobene neTurin Shroud
Ukungabaza ukuchithwa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukucabanga kwezazi-mlando kanye nabavubukuli. Nakuba izinsimbi zesayensi zafakazela ukuthi lesi sigqoko senziwe ngekotoni, ososayensi bephuthelwa impahla ebalulekile yalesi sendwangu. Ikhokothi iyakwazi ukubola, ngakho-ke indwangu enomshicileli ngeke isinde kuze kube yilolu suku - ngokungafani ne-flax. Zonke izindwangu ezidalwe eNkathini Ephakathi zahlanganiswa: zanezela uboya noma ukotini. Ingabe kunengqondo ngabaqambi ukwenza umshini wokhetheka okhethekile owenziwe nge-flax 100%?
Isigqoko singabizwa ngokuthi "iVangeli leFifth" uma kuphela ukuhlaziywa kuqinisekisa ukuthi amamaki alo ayingxenye yegazi lomuntu. Ebunzini, ukubonakala kwejetshi yegazi legazi kuyabonakala. Bengase bahlume kusukela emhlotsheni wamameva: amava awo atshaya isikhumba, ayihlaba futhi adala ukuphuma kwegazi. Igazi lixubene nama-microorganisms zasendulo nempova yezitshalo, ezikhula kuphela ensimini yasePalestina, eTurkey naseYurophu Ephakathi.
Ukuthi isithombe simele amathoni aphuzi sichazwa yi-hypothesis emangalisayo. Umbala ofanayo unganikezwa izicubu kuphela ngokuguquguquka kwamakhemikhali ama-molecule amathishu, okwenzeka lapho kushisa noma kudlula imisebe ye-ultraviolet. Lokhu kuphinda kugcizelele iqiniso lokuthi iTurkey Shroud yabona hhayi ukufa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvuka kukaJesu.
Ngo-1997, iShroud yaba namandla akhe angcwele. Phakathi namalungiselelo okugubha iminyaka engu-100 yocwaningo lwesayensi lokuqala lwethempeli laseTurin, kwenzeka umlilo omkhulu. Omunye wabavukuzi bezimoto wayenomuzwa omkhulu wokushisa kwamandla. Wakwazi ukwephula ingilazi ye-sarcophagus nengubo ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okukhulu, okungaphezu kokulawula umuntu ovamile. Ngabe ungayishayela kanjani lo mcimbi, uma kungenjalo ngesimangaliso seShroud of Turin?