Ukushisa ukushisa kwephahla - indlela yokukhetha ukungena okulungile?

Ukwakhiwa ngokuphazamiseka okwakhiwe futhi okuqedile ukuphahla kwesikhala kusiza kakhulu ukugcina imali yokushisa indlu. Ukushisa kokushisa okuphelele okuhamba phakathi kophahla kungaba ngu-30%, ngakho-ke kunikezwa izindleko ezandayo zezinsiza zamandla, lesi sihloko sikhathazeka ngenani labantu abandayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuphazamisa ophahleni

Izici ezilandelayo zithinta indlela yokuguqulwa kwephahla ngezingxenye zokubamba ukushisa: ukuma nokwakhiwa kwezansi, imithwalo yemimoya, uhlobo lwezinto zokuphahla zangaphandle, injongo yomsebenzi we-attic space. Isibonelo, lapho uhlela i- attic yokuhlala , awukwazi ukwenza ubusika obubandayo ngaphandle kokufaka ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa kwendlu ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.

Izinhlobo zokufakelwa kwephahla:

1. Ukwehliswa kwe-thermal - isendlalelo esithintekayo esivimbela ukuvuza kwamandla ashisayo.
2. Ukugxiliswa kwe-steam - kuvikela izakhiwo zokwakha emiphumeleni eyingozi yamaphule avela ngaphakathi.
3. Ukuvimbela amanzi - kuyadingeka njengendlela yokuvimbela umswakama ongaphandle ovela ngaphandle.
4. Isendlalelo esibucayi - kunciphisa ukushisa okushisa emisebeni yelanga.
5. Ukwakhiwa kwemimoya - kuvikela indlu kusuka ku-weathering.

Ukufakwa kwephahla lendlu yangasese

Ukugxila okugcwele kophahla lwendlu kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle akunakucatshangwa ngaphandle komsebenzi wokulungiselela. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola uhlelo lokufaka imfucumfucu yesikhunta, izingxenye ezibolile. Umonakalo omncane owenziwe ngamapulangwe unesihlabathi esenziwe nge-sandpaper futhi uphathwa nge-antiseptic noma upende. Ngaphambi kokushisa ukushisa, izingxenye ezigugile ziyashintshwa ngendlela ngesikhathi esifanele, ukulungiswa kwamakhansela kagesi, nezinyathelo zokulwa nomlilo.

Ukufakwa kwegumbi lomgodi

Kulula futhi kulula kakhulu ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwephahla lendwangu ngamakhemikhali , noma izinto zokwenziwa kwe-polymeric, ezenziwe ngendlela yamacwecwe. Kumele kuhlinzekwe ngomoya omuhle ophahleni ngenxa yokushaywa phansi kwezingubo kanye naphezu kwephahla. Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinto zokuphahla noma ungqimba lwesigqebhezana. Umsebenzi wokufaka ukugxilwa kwenziwe kusukela ohlangothini lwe-attic nge-rafters.

Ukushisa ukushisa kwephahla eligxotshiwe:

1. Silinganisela ibanga phakathi kwama-rafters.
2. Ukushisa okushisa kunqunywe nge-margin ka-1 mm ukuthola ukungena okuncane ngaphakathi kwegebe.
3. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqinisa izigqoko ngokusebenzisa izikhala ezikuvumela ukuba uthathe izinto ezinotshani encane.
4. I-membrane ihlanganiswe emigodini ene-stapler.
5. Ukuvalwa kwamanzi kuthathwe phansi ngaphansi kwephahla eliphezulu ukuze kususwe okunokwethenjelwa komswakama.
6. Uma ufaka ngaphandle kwegebe lomoya, i-membrane ephezulu kakhulu isetshenziswa.
7. Uma sibeka ukusikhipha sizama ukungahlanganisi amalunga wezingqimba ezingenhla nezingezansi.
8. I-insulator yokushisa igxile endizeni yezinsika ezibhekene nekhanda elide noma i-crate ezivela emigwaqeni.
9. Imifino ye-Gidrobariera ibethelwe nge-lap 10 mm.

Ukufudumala kwephahla oluphukile

Uphahla oluphukile lukwakhiwa ngezitifiketi eziningana, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwephahla lungcono kakhulu izakhiwo ze-mansard. Uma i-attic ingahloswe ukuba isetshenziswe njengekamelo lokuphumula, ukuguqulwa kwephahla elifanele kwenziwa kuphela phansi, uhlukanisa uphahla nendlu, ngaphandle kokuhlinzekela ukuvikelwa kohlangothi olwengeziwe. Uma usebenzisa i-roll insulating phansi esiteji se-attic, ama-boarding ladders afakwe ukuhamba. Ubuningi bokusikhipha okushisayo kukhethwe kuye ngohlobo lwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe nendawo yezulu.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zophahla oluphukile, oludinga ukugxila:

1. I-attic iyahamba.
2. Amatshe ophahleni.
3. Izindonga zangaphambili.

Ukugxilongwa kwezindlu ematheni

Ukwehliswa okushisa okujwayelekile kwephahla elibandayo akufanelekile neze izimo zendlu ye-attic, lapho isikhala se-attic sisetshenziswa njengamakamelo aphilayo. Kulesi simo, "ikhekhe" lokufaka ukushisa okushisa kuseduze, yonke i-crate kufanele iphathwe ngama-antiseptics kanye nabalindi bezimlilo zokulinda ukuvikela umlilo. Izinto zokwakha ngaphakathi kwendawo kufanele ziphephile futhi zingenakho iphunga elilodwa. Sihlomisa abalandeli nge-ventilation ukususa umswakama owedlulele.

I-Scheme yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo kwephahla lendlu ye-attic kusuka phansi phezulu:

1. Ingqimba engaphakathi engaphansi ibhodi ye-gypsum noma amapaneli okuhlobisa.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwe-crate engezansi.
3. Isendlalelo sokusatshalaliswa kwe-Steam.
4. Isendlalelo sokufaka ukushisa okushisayo.
5. I-membrane yokumboza enezinto zokuxoshwa.
6. Izikhala ze-ventilation.
7. Isikhwama esiphezulu.
8. Ingqimba yangaphandle yokuzivikela - ukuphahla.

Ukufudumala kophahla lwezindlu zokhuni

Kunezinye izici eziphathelene nokwakhiwa kwezindlu zokwakhiwa kwezinkuni. Kuyinto engathandeki ukukhiqiza ukuphazamiseka kwephahla lwamapulangwe ngonyaka wokuqala wokwakha, kuze kube yilapho isakhiwo sakhiwe khona. Okokuqala, iziphambeko ezitholiwe ziqedwa, bese kuthi imisebenzi esele ivumelekile. Ukuze usebenze endlini yokhuni, izinto eziningi zanamuhla zifanelekile, kodwa kunoma yikuphi ukukhetha ukuguqulwa kwephahla kufanele kwenziwe ngokusho kwekhono lobuchwepheshe olunikezwa abakhiqizi babo.

Ukufudumala kwephahla lokubhebhezela

Ukwehliswa kwe-thermal kuyinto yangempela phambi kwebhokisi elithambile, lapho kunesifiso sokuvikela isikhala esivela kude kubanda, siwuphendulele endaweni yokuphumula. I-polyurethane igxilwe ephahleni nge-glue, i-tape enezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nama-dowels, futhi uma isebenza nge-wool yamaminerali, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa i-crate. Ukugxilwa kwephahla lwendawo yokubeka yangasese kuyoba ngcono uma izigxobo zivalwa nge-foam. Ukugxiliswa kwe-Steam kubhiqizwa yi-polyethylene i-foam nge-thickness sheet kuze kube ku-1 cm. Ekugcineni, isilingeni sigcwele amapelitiki epulasitiki, amathayili noma amathayili wokuhlobisa.

Ukwehliswa kwe-thermal ukuphahla kobhuku

Amanzi okugeza angasese akhiwa nge-attic, emasontweni angama-single kanye namapulangwe amapulangwe amabili. Kulesi gumbi, i-microclimate ihluke ngokulenga umswakama, okwenza ukuthungwa kwe-thermal, kufanele sibeke ungqimba lwesibindi se-aluminium noma uhlanganiswe ngamakhadibhodi aphethwe ngamafutha. Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kukhokhwa kumajoyina, lapho izinto zokwakha ezihlukahlukene zihlangana khona - ukhonkolo lwe-foam ngezinkuni, izingxenye zensimbi ngezinkuni, izindonga zamatini ngamabhodi.

Ukwehliswa kwe-thermal ophahleni oluvela ngaphakathi kwegumbi lomusi:

1. Sikhiqiza emhlahlandlela wokuqinisa ukushayela ngesiteji esingu-59 cm (1 cm ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sombukiso).
2. Uma le ndaba iphosa, kufanele ibekwe nge-foil ngaphakathi.
3. Faka umkhawulo womoya.
4. Amajoyina anamathebuli we-foil.
5. Igebe lomoya le 1-2 cm linikezwa ukufakwa kwekhredithi.
6. Ukufakwa kwe-ophahleni okushisa kugcwaliswe ngokugxila emgqeni wokuqeda ukuhlobisa kokuqukethwe okungenawo amanzi.

Ukufudumala kwephahla lokugaraji

Ukuze uthuthukise izimo egalaji sebenzisa zonke izinto zokushisa ezishisayo - i-minvat, i-polystyrene, i-foam. Indlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nalolu msebenzi ukufaka uphahla nge-foam. Kungenzeka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ukuthunga isikhala ngezihlangu ezivela kumabhodi noma plywood, bese ugcwalisa ngekhamera yetshezi, emapulangwe e-attic le nto ilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa kusukela phezulu kuze kube yilapho uhamba khona. Ukungahambi kahle kwe-foam insulation kuyinto ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwemishini ekhethekile, kodwa izinzuzo ezibalulekile zale ndlela zihlanganisa zonke izimo ezingalungile.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokufakelwa kwephahla nge-foam insulation:

1. Ukubunjwa kusetshenziselwa ngqo kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuze kusetshenziswe.
2. Umsebenzi ungenziwa ophahleni lwesakhiwo.
3. Uma ugcwalisa isikhumba, akukho amajoyina akhiwe.
4. I-Penoizol inompheme omuhle womoya kanye nezici zokuqhayisa umsindo.
5. I-foam ayilahlekelwa impahla kuze kube yiminyaka engu-50.
6. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezengeziwe zokulungisa i-penoizol.
7. I-foam enefrijini ayisekeli ukushisa.
8. Okubalulekile akuyona into enobuthi.
9. Foam ayesabi izinguquko zokushisa.
10. Ukwehliswa kwe-foam insulation foam kuyisikhathi eziningana kunamanye izinto.

Izinto zokwakha ukukhishwa kwephahla

Uma umgomo ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhanya noma igesi nokwenza ikhaya likhululekile, khona-ke ukuguqulwa kwamazinga okushisa ophahleni futhi izindonga zendlu yisisombululo esihle kunale nkinga. Esikhathini sokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugcina izinto, izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yemisebenzi yokulungiselela, inani lamathengi kanye nezindleko eziphelele zokulungiswa kuxhomeke kulokhu.

Indlela eyinhloko yokukhetha ukwaziswa ophahleni ukugxila okushisayo:

1. Ukuqhuba kwe-thermal - lesi sibonakaliso sibalulekile ezakhiweni ze-attic, ubukhulu bezingqimba ezibekwa phezu kwe-overlap buxhomeke kuyo.
2. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo - ukugxiliswa kwephahla lendlu akufanele kusongele impilo yabakhileyo ngezingozi eziyingozi emkhathini.
3. Ukubaluleka kwesisindo esikhulu sezinto ezibonakalayo - umthwalo omkhulu ungabhubhisa i-tonic overlap.
4. Ikhono lokugcina ifomu - ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza nama-heaters alula, amachiza newashi ahluke kakhulu.
5. Ukuphepha komlilo - khetha ukungena kokushisa okuvela emzimbeni ongenakutsha noma oqeda ukuzicima.
6. Izimfanelo ezingenasici - zibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zasemadolobheni ezimnandi.

Ukugxilongwa kwendonga nge-polystyrene eyandisiwe

I-Styrofoam - impahla engenabungozi enezici ezinhle kakhulu, ezihlanganisa iqhwa futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye amabhola epulasitiki amancane kakhulu emoyeni. Ukufakwa kwesibhakabhaka sophahla lwegaraji noma esinye isakhiwo kuzoxhomeka ekubambeni kwamashidi athengwe kanye nobukhulu bawo, obuhluka kusuka ku-20 mm kuya ku-100 mm. Ukuze usebenze nalesi isolator akudingi amakhono noma imishini ekhethekile, ngokumane futhi ngokungazelelwe uthathe izingcezu, kalula kufakwe phansi.

Ukufakelwa kwendonga nge-penokleksom

I-foam ibizwa nge-extruded polystyrene (i-XPS ibanga noma i-EPP), etholakala kumazinga aphezulu okushisa. Inzuzo ebalulekile yalesi sihloko phambi kwabancintisana ukuthi cishe ayitholi amanzi, umswakama, ngisho nokuxhumana okude, ungangena ungqimba olungaphandle lomshini. Ukufudumala kwephahla elibandayo ne-foam foam kwenza imiphumela emihle. Ngisho ngokuphindaphindiwe nokukhwabanisa ngokuphindaphindiwe, akulahlekelwa izindawo zayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Ochwepheshe baqaphela ukumelana kwamacwecwe okucindezela, ukulula ukufakwa (ukutholakala kwendonga ye-dola-splice), ubungane obuhle bemvelo.

Ukungalungi kwe-penoplex:

1. I-foam ebiza kakhulu.
2. Kulimazwe ngamagundane.
3. Kuvinjelwe ukukhiqiza ukushisa okushisa eduze kwemithombo yomlilo ovulekile.

Ukugxilongwa kwezintambo nge-wool yamaminerali

Ukukhiqiza ukukhwabanisa okuphezulu kwephahla ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nge-wool mineral kuyinto elula, akudingi ukusika okunjalo njenge-foam, kusetshenziswe kalula ngendlela efanele futhi kufakwe phakathi kwama-rafters. Izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu kule ndaba - ayishisi futhi engonakaliswa amagundane noma izinambuzane, inezici ezinhle ezithinta umsindo. Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwekhwalithi ephahleni kutholakala ngokubeka ukugxilwa nge-30 kg / m ² ezinhlangothini eziningana kulo lonke ububanzi bezinsika.

Izinsalela zoboya bamaminerali:

1. Ukumelana nokumelana kwamanzi okumpofu - kudinga ukuvikeleka okujulile ekunqandeni nokuhlelwa koqweqwe lwamanzi.
2. Ukukhubazeka kalula ngomthwalo omncane - impahla ekhwanyiswayo ilahlekelwa izakhiwo, ngakho-ke amaphahla ase-attic kudingeka ahlome ngamagwaqo.
3. Ngenxa yokuziphatha okushisayo, cishe kuncane kune-polyurethane foam.
4. Lapho usebenza nge-wool mineral, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezithombeni zokuphefumula.
5. Ngokushisa okunamandla, uboya obunamaminerali bungakhipha i-phenol.

Ukugxiliswa kwe-thermal ophahleni ngodaka olwandisiwe

I-Claydite iyinhlangano yemvelo yemvelo, engesabi ama-rodents nezinqubo zokubola, lezinto zinezikhwepha eziqinile nokuqina. Uhlaka lwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni ngendlela yobuningi obukhulu obuyi-10 cm luyakwazi ukubuyisela udonga lwamapulangwe angu-25 cm. Umphumela omuhle utholakala uma usebenzisa ingxube yobumba obunwetshiwe ne-Foam plastic chips. I-Keramzit ayikhiqiza ukuphahla kwephahla ngaphakathi, kungcono kakhulu ukubeka izinto ezibonakalayo ezivela phezulu phansi phakathi kwe-attic namakamelo okuhlala. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcwalise lokhu kuhlanganiswa ngobukhulu obuyi-14 cm-16 m.

Ukungalungi kwodaka olwandisiwe:

1. Ukwehliswa kwe-thermal ophahleni ngodaka olwandisiwe kunika umphumela omuhle, kodwa ngobukhulu obukhulu budala umthwalo esakhiweni sokwakha.
2. Ubumba obomvu bungathatha umswakama kakhulu.
3. Uma ubuqotho be-granules bonakalisiwe ngobumba obunwetshiwe, kwakhiwa ama-pores avulekile, lapho amanzi engena khona kalula.