Phakathi neminyaka eyisithupha yokuqala yokuphila, ingane ithola ulwazi oluthe xaxa kunezinye ezinye iminyaka ezihlangene. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokuphawulekayo okusheshayo kwenzeka eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, lapho umntwana osanda kuzalwa, enesibalo esincane esithile sokuzalwa kwengqondo, kancane kancane ufunda ukuhlala, ukukhahlela nokuhamba, ukuqonda inkulumo yomunye umuntu futhi akhulume ngokuzimela futhi athole amanye amakhono abalulekile.
Ukuze uzwisise futhi ukhulise inkulumo yendabuko ingane ifunda isikhathi esanele ngokwanele. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo, okugxila kulokho, abazali bangakwazi ukufaka isikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwengane ngesikhathi esifanayo.
I-General hypoplasia yenkulumo (OHP) nokulibazisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo akuyona into efanayo. Uma kwenzeka okwesibini, izingane ziqala ukukhuluma kancane kancane kunontanga yabo, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka izingane ze-OGR zinezinkinga zomlomo ezihlotshaniswa kokubili incazelo nenomsindo.
Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwengxoxo yezingane zihlukile: zingabangela imiphumela yokuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha, nezifo ezihlukahlukene zezinzwa, kanye nezinkinga zesimo sengqondo.
Izici kanye nezici zengqondo zezingane ezine-OHP
Ngokujwayelekile ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo kuvame ukutholakala ezinganeni zasenkulisa izingane ezine-4-6. Njengomthetho, laba bangabantwana abanengqondo evamile, ngaphandle kokuzwa amaphutha. Baqala ukukhuluma kamuva kunabanye, futhi inkulumo yabo ivame ukungabonakali, abazali kuphela abayiqonda. Ukukhula, izingane ziqala ukuthatha isimo sengqondo esibucayi kakhulu ngesiphambeko senkulumo, ukuzwa. Yingakho ukuthuthukiswa kwengxoxo jikelele kudingwa ukwelashwa, futhi ukunqoba le nkinga kuyinto engokoqobo.
Izinga lentetho evamile yokuthuthukiswa
Odokotela bahlukanisa amazinga amane okuthuthukiswa kokukhulumisana okujwayelekile.
- Izinga lokuqala libhekene nokungabi nalutho kwenkulumo, lapho ingane ibamba ngaphezulu, isebenzise ngokuzenzekelayo isenzo kunalokho eshoyo.
- Ezingeni lesibili le-OSR, ingane inengxoxo yenkulumo ekuqaleni kwayo. Uyakwazi ukubiza imisho yamagama amaningana, kodwa ngokuvamile ukuphazamisa amagama nokuphela kwawo.
- Izinga lesithathu libhekene nenkulumo enenjongo kakhulu: ingane ikhuluma ngokukhululekile, kodwa inkulumo yakhe igcwele amaphutha e-grammatical and fonotic.
- Izinga lesine lokukhulumisana lokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo litholakaliswa ezinganeni ezenza amaphutha ezinkulumo ekuqaleni kungabalulekile, kodwa ekugcineni ziphazamise ukufunda okujwayelekile.
Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo njalo kumele kwenziwe ngezingane ezine-OHP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwengqondo kwengqondo futhi ngezinye izikhathi isazi sezinzwa siyadingeka. Izingane ezinezifo ezixilongwayo zibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni ukunakekelwa kwabazali nokweseka, ngaphandle kwalokho okungenakwenzeka ukunqoba lesi sifo.