Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinambuzane ezijwayele amazambane amasiko - ama- mbatata ama-Colorado amazambane adakiwe , kunezifo eziningi eziholela ekunciphiseni kwezivuno. Ezinye izifo ziholela ekuguquleni amaqabunga. Ake sixoxe ngalesi senzakalo esingathandeki nezindlela zokulwa nalo kulesi sihloko.
Amaqabunga amazambane amazambane - izimbangela
Iqembu lokuqala lezimbangela yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lokhu kufaka:
- Umdwebo odibeneyo. Ukunqotshwa kuhambisane ne-lag ekukhuleni, inamba encane yeziqu, imibimbi kanye nokuguqulwa kwamaphethelo amaqabunga. Lesi siphetho siwumphumela wokukhula kancane kwemithanjeni.
- Umsakazo onamandla. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamazambane. Ekuqaleni, izindawo ezinombala ezimnyama zibonakala - i-necrosis yamaqabunga ohlangothini oluphansi, ezinezilonda ezinzima amaqabunga aphikisayo afa, aphezu kweziqu. Ngokuyinhloko, amaqabunga aphansi ashintshiwe, leli phuzu lihlala liluhlaza. Lezi zimpawu ziqinisa ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu.
Indlela yokubhekana uma amaqabunga ama-potato aphikisana ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane: ukuvikelwa kwamazambane kusuka ezifweni ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yi-virus ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezitshalo ezigulayo kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukulawula ukhula, ukuvunwa ngesikhathi. Njengezimbewu, kuphela izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinhle ezithengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile kufanele zikhethwe.
Iqembu lesibili lezizathu zokuphihliza amaqabunga amazambane yizifo ze-fungal:
- I-Phytophthorosis - ayithinti amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa neziqu zezitshalo. Okokuqala, amabala amnyama nokunsundu avela emaqabunga, uma isitshalo singelashwa, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezisikiwe ziyoba nsundu futhi zikhulu. Izindlela zokulwa nazo ukuvimbela, ukufakwa kwezici ezilandelanayo ezidingekayo emhlabathini, ngesikhathi sokukhula udinga ukucubungula izihlahla ezinamalungiselelo ahlolisisiwe.
- I-Parsh - iholela ekuphambeni kwamaqabunga, izimpande zamazambane zibopha futhi zifa kancane kancane. Izitshalo ezinamandla ziyakwazi ukuthola lesi sifo. Emva kokuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa, lesi sifo asithinti izithombo. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshala amazambane omile kakade futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho imishini encane emagqumeni. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-1.5% se-boric acid.
Izizathu ezilandelayo zokuthi kungani amazambane ahlotshaniswa amaqabunga ahambisana nezifo zebhaktheriya. Okuyinhloko ngumlenze omnyama. Ikhula ngesikhathi sokugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nesikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo. Okokuqala, amaqabunga ama-apical amaqabunga amazambane, khona-ke isisekelo se-stem siba mnyama futhi sibole. Izindlela zokuvimbela kuphela ezizosiza lapha: ukuhluma kokuqala kwezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa, ukungena kwabo kwisisombululo se-microelements-boron, sulfate ethusi, ama-manganese ne-zinc.
Ngezinye izikhathi isizathu sokuthi amazambane aphuzi futhi amaqabunga aphikisanayo abe nesomiso nokushisa okukhulu, ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu: ukuchelela nokuhlanza izihlahla, ungagubha imibhede ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini isikhathi eside.