Ukuhlolwa kwe-trimester yesibili

Yiqiniso, wonke umama ozayo uzokholelwa ukuthi umntwana wakhe uzozalwa enempilo. Kodwa, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fetus azivamile.

Izifo ezifana ne-Down's syndrome, i-Edwards, nezinye izinto eziningi ezingavamile ze-chromosomal ziyiqhinga ngokwanele:

• Okokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela intuthuko yabo kusengaphambili (njengoba umthetho, ukukhubazeka kwakha ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhulelwa, futhi abazali noma odokotela bangathonya le nqubo);
• okwesibili, lezi zifo kunzima ukuvumelanisa nokuphila okugcwele, azikho emithini yemithi noma ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo, kanti izinsana ezizalwa zingashiwo ukuhlupheka;
• okwesithathu, kunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo e-utero. Ngisho nezindlela zamuva zokucwaninga azikwazi njalo ukwenza isinqumo sokugcina. Ezimweni eziningi, kuphela amaphesenti okungenzeka ukuthi ingane enezinkinga ziyamenyezelwa kubazali. Futhi isinqumo sokugcina ukukhulelwa noma cha, sihlala kubo.

Namuhla, odokotela bancoma ukuthi bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe bahlolwe ngokuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqala kokubili kokukhulelwa ukuze kubonakale ingozi yokuba nengane enezifo ezinzima zokuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubhekwa njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

Kusho ukuthini ukuhlolwa kwe-perinatal kwe-trimester yesibili?

Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa, omama abahlakaniphile esikhathini esizayo bayaphenywa ngokubeletha kokubili kokubeletha: ku-1st and 2nd trimester. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwesibili kufundisa kakhulu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukuphambuka okuvela kumkhuba wokuhlaziya okungase kusho, kanti ezinye izifo zivele zibonakala ngokucacile kwi-ultrasound.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-perinatal kwe-trimester yesibili kusho:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezinokwemvelo kwe-trimester yesibili (ukuhlolwa kathathu), okungabonakali kodwa ukuhambisana nemigomo yamagugu ezakhiwa ezintathu egazini likaMama (AFP, hCG, estriol).
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuyinkimbinkimbi ejulile (isakhiwo samalungu angaphakathi angama-fetal ahlolwa ngokucophelela, isimo se-placenta ne-amniotic fluid sinqunywa).
3. I-Cordocentesis isifundo esengeziwe esenziwe ngokusho kwezinkomba zodokotela.

Izinkomba kanye nemigomo yesilingo sesibili sokukhulelwa

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlola, izinga le-AFP linqunywe. I-AFP yiprotheni eyenziwa yi-fetus. Ngokuvamile AFP ingashintsha ngaphakathi kuka-15-95 U / ml, kuye ngokuthi mangaki amasonto ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwenziwe. Uma imiphumela etholakalayo yayiphezulu kunejwayelekile, odokotela bangase basikisele ukwephulwa kwentuthuko yomgogodla noma isici se-neural tube. Ukucatshangelwa kwe-AFP kungase kubonise izifo eziningi, njenge- Down's syndrome , i-Edwards syndrome, noma i-Meckel syndrome. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuchazwa kokuhlolwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Into yesibili odokotela abayibona emva kokuhlolwa kwesibili yizinga le-estriol. Inani laso kufanele landa ngokunyuka kwenkathi yokuthoma. I-estriol engacatshangelwayo ingabonisa ukungahleleki kwe-chromosomal (i-Down syndrome) noma usongo lokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Futhi, i-chromosomal pathology iboniswa yizinga eliphakeme le- hCG .

Mayelana nokuhlola i-ultrasound, ke kufanele uthembele kuphela ekufundeni nasekunakekeleni udokotela oqhuba inqubo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesibili nini?

Kuye ngokuthi mangaki amasonto ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwenziwe, ukulungiswa kuqaliswa lapho kunqunywa imiphumela. Ngokuyinhloko, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi bangabambezeli ngenhlolovo futhi babe nesikhathi sokuhambisa izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngaphambi kweviki lama-20. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlolwa kwesibili sokukhulelwa ngamasonto angu-16-18.