Ngisho nokubingelela okuvamile kungatshela okuningi ngomuntu, ngisho nangamagama amancane awakhulunywa. Into yukuthi asizisebenzisi izindlela zomlomo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana okungenamazwi. Okusho ukuthi, izinhloso nemicabango ingaboniswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inkulumo. Yiqiniso, akulula ukufunda "ukufundwa kwabantu" okunjalo, kodwa kufanelekile ukuqala ukubona izindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumana.
Izici zokuxhumana ngomlomo
Ngokuvamile le ndlela yokuxhumana ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: inkulumo etlolwe ngomlomo. Kodwa kukhona inkulumo eqondisiwe ngaphakathi, esiyisebenzisayo lapho sicabanga ngenkulumo yethu noma ngokwengqondo yethula umbhalo womlayezo. Ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezindlela zokuxhumana ezizongayo - nasencwadini, nasengxoxweni yomuntu siqu, sisebenzisa amagama namazwi athile amisiwe. Ngakho kuye kwaba njalo, kodwa maduzane kube nethambeko elithakazelisayo lokulula inkulumo ebhaliwe lapho uxhumana ngezinsizakalo ze-intanethi. Imithetho eminingi ye-etiquette ilahliwe, ngaphandle kokuthi ulwazi luni lomlayezo ngeke luthinteke.
Kukhona nenkulumo yezinkulumo, ekhuluma ngezindlela zomlomo, kodwa futhi inezici zokuxhumana okungelona amazwi. I-alfabhethi yomunwe esetshenziswe ngabantu abangakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye ngomlomo.
Enye iphuzu elibalulekile engxoxweni yilekho kuba khona impendulo, ngaphandle kwalo muntu angeke aqiniseke ukuthi ulwazi lwakhe luqondwa kahle yiqembu lesibili. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, ukulawula imibuzo kungasetshenziswa, njengoba othisha bekwenza. Futhi, izindlela zokuxhumana ezingenasibindi abantu abavame ukusebenzisa ngokungazi kahle zingabuye ziphakamise ukusebenza komthelela womlomo. Yiqiniso, abanye bayakwazi ukuziphatha kahle, hhayi ukubeka isimo sengqondo sabo sangempela kulokho okwenzekayo, kodwa abaningi abanalo amakhono anjalo, ngakho ukuhamba nokuzibonakalisa kungaletha ulwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo ngomunye umuntu.
Izinhlobo kanye nama-etiquettes wokuxhumana okungenamazwi
Ukusebenzisana kwalolu hlobo yizo zonke izindlela zokuxhumana ezingekho ngezwi. Okuyinhloko yizibonakaliso, ukubonakaliswa kobukeka kanye ne-pantomime.
- Imisindo ingenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu zokushintshanisa ulwazi, zakhiwe ngisho nolimi olusekelwe ekuhambeni kwekhanda nezandla. Kodwa ngisho nangaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukugcizelela kungasho okuningi. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuqina kwayo, okuphakemeyo, ukukhathazeka okungaphezulu mayelana nesihloko sengxoxo. Kodwa lesi sibonakaliso asiyona yonke indawo kubameleli bezizwe ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziselwa ukuziphatha okusebenzayo kakhulu ngabaseMexico, kulandelwa amaNtaliyane, basuke behamba kakhulu ngesiFulentshi, kahle, yizona ezigcinwe kakhulu yi-Finns.
- I-Mimicry ihamba ngemisipha ebusweni, ekhuluma ngesimo somzwelo se-interlocutor. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo lo muntu udlulisela cishe ngo-10-15% wawo wonke ulwazi, futhi inani lezincazelo zezinkulumo zakhe lidlula izinkulungwane ezingu-20. Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kufanele kuhokhwe ezindebeni nasezintweni, kubalulekile nokubukeka. Umzamo wokubalekela othintana nabo obonakalayo ungabonakala njengomzamo wokuqamba amanga noma isimo sengqondo esibi ngokuqondene nomxhumanisi. Ukubukeka okuphawulekayo kuyisibonakaliso sentshisekelo enkulu, ukungathembeki noma inselele. Kumele siqonde ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso sithonywe ubuzwe. Izakhamuzi zasezindaweni eziseningizimu zibukeka zivame kakhulu kwabanye, futhi abantu base-Asia, isibonelo, amaJapane abheka lokhu ukubonakaliswa kokungapheleli, ezama ukugxilisa ukubukeka entanyeni. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana kwamehlo: ibhizinisi (ukulungiswa ezingeni lesibunzini), ezenhlalakahle (ibanga emkhatsini womlomo namehlo) futhi obusondelene (kusukela enkathini kuya ezingeni lesifuba).
- I-Pantomimika ihlanganisa ukuhamba, ukuma, ukuma nokunyakaza okujwayelekile komzimba wonke. Igalelo lingakutshela ngesimo sengqondo, impilo kanye nomlingiswa womuntu. Isibonelo, isitayela sokuhamba esikhanyayo sikhuluma ngokujabula, futhi kunzima-mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa noma isimo solaka. Izithuba zithwele umthwalo omkhulu wolwazi, zikhona cishe eziyinkulungwane zazo. Ukungezwani kwesimo somzimba kuzokukhuluma ngesimo esiphansi ngokuqondene nabanye
okwamanje. Wonke umuntu uyazi ngokuma okuvulekile, okuhambisana nokulungele ukubambisana, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu okhumbula ukuthi ukuvala okuvaliwe akugcini nje ukubonisa ukungakholwa noma ukungavumelani kwe-interlocutor, kodwa futhi kumvimbela ukuba anganaki ingxenye yesithathu yolwazi olungenayo.
Kanti futhi ekuxhumaneni okungelona amazwi, ukuthinta kubalulekile (ukuxhaphaza, ukuphindaphinda ehlombe), isiteji sezwi nesigqi sokukhuluma, ukukhuluma, ukuyeka, ukufakwa kokuhleka, ukuphefumula kwesipikha. Ukuphelele kwazo zonke lezi zikhathi kukuvumela ukuba uthole umbono wemvelo kanye nemikhuba yomuntu emva kwemizuzu eminingana yokuxhumana.