Imithi inezindawo eziningi kakhulu, futhi uchwepheshe ngamunye unomsebenzi wakhe - ukugxila komsebenzi. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuyiqonda, futhi ngalokho okushiwo yi-neonatologist, ngubani, yiziphi izifo ezithinta, hhayi wonke umuntu owaziyo.
Ubani lokhu futhi yini eyenziwa yi-neonatologist?
Ingxenye enjalo yezokwelapha, njenge-neontology, ihlola izici zomzimba nezimo zezinkinga zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ngubani ongumhlengikazi wezingane, kulula ukuqagela: lo dokotela uyingxenye yokuhlolwa nokuphathwa kweziguli ezincane kunazo zonke, kusukela emaminithini okuqala okuzalwa kwazo. Lokhu okukhethekile kuye kwavela maduzane, lapho i-neontology kancane kancane yaqala ukuhlukaniswa nezimbangi nezinsana.
I-Neonatologist kanye nodokotela wezingane - umehluko
Eqinisweni, i-neonatologist yezingane, kanye nodokotela wezingane, uyidokotela wezingane, kodwa ulwazi lwakhe luqondile. Kulesi simo, kufanele ucacise ukuthi zingaki izinyanga i-neonatologist ethatha izingane. Inkathi yengane iyingane yesana kusukela ku-zero kuze kube yizinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili, lapho ukuqapha impilo yengane kuphathwe kulo mchwepheshe. Udokotela wezingane uqala nokubona izingane kusukela enyangeni ubudala.
Yini eyenza i-neonatologist?
Noma ubani ongenayo i-neonatologist nalokho akuphilisa, wonke owesifazane ophethe umntwana kufanele azi. Lo dokotela udlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yendoda encane eyabonakala nje. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lapho isimo sokuphila kwengane sishintsha kakhulu, umzimba wakhe udinga ukulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni esisha, ushintsho ngohlobo lokuphefumula, indlela yokudla, njalonjalo.
Phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, zonke izitho nezinhlelo zengane zakhiwa kabusha, futhi ngaleso sikhathi izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathological zingatholakala, kuhlanganise nalabo abangasongela impilo yakhe evamile esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, umuntu angaqaphela ukuthi unesibopho futhi esifihlekile kanjani umsebenzi we-neonatologist. Lochwepheshe kufanele akwazi ukuhlola ngendlela efanele impilo yezingane, ukudala izimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwayo ngendlela efanele.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-neonatologist iyaphatha, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele ahlangane nomsebenzi wakhe okukhethekile - udokotela ohlinzayo, i-neurologist, i-cardiologist, i-pulmonologist, i-gastroenterologist nokunye. Kule ndaba, uhlu lwezifo, oluhlonza futhi oluphatha lo dokotela, luhlukile. Phakathi kwabo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi iziphi ezisemngceleni wendabuko kanye nezifo, ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ngokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi:
- i-jaundice yomzimba ;
- inkinga ye-hormonal;
- albinuria;
- hypoglycemia yesikhashana;
- i-polycythemia yesikhashana;
- i-urine acid diathesis nabanye.
Sihlunga izifo eziyinhloko neziphazamiso okwenziwa umchwepheshe ngokuvamile:
- i-thrush;
- izinkinga zesitoreji;
- i-blenorrhea;
- i-intertrigo ;
- phenylketonuria;
- hernia umbilical;
- isifo se-hemolytic;
- isifo esiyingozi;
- endocrinopathy;
- ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa ngaphakathi ;
- pilorospasm;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokuzalwa kanye nabanye abaningi.
Iphi i-neonatologist isebenza kuphi?
Mayelana nobani - i-neonatologist, abesifazane abaningi bathola kakade esibhedlela sokubeletha ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma emva kokubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukhona nje kuphela i-neonatologist yesikhathi esigcwele esibhedlela, laba ochwepheshe basebenza eminyangweni yesibhedlela sabantwana ezibhedlela, emitholampilo yokubeletha, futhi kaningi bangenayo emitholampilo yabantwana. Kwezinye izimo, lapho ingane inenkinga yezempilo, i-neonatologist ingaqhubeka iqapha kuze kube izinyangeni eziyisithupha ngisho nangonyaka.
Imithwalo ye-neonatologist
Umsebenzi we-neonatologist yinto esemqoka yokuhlola, yokwelapha kanye nokwelapha izinsana nganoma yiziphi izinkinga, ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, emva kokulethwa okunzima. I-neonatologist-resuscitator emininingwaneni inayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo ukuze inikeze usizo oluhlelekile oluhlelekile, oluphuthumayo nokuvuselela.
Ngaphezu kwezincomo zokwelashwa kwezifo ezithile zomntwana, ezimweni ze-polyclinic ekwamukelwa ku-neonatologist, ongakafundile, angathola izincomo mayelana:
- imithetho esemqoka yokunakekela ingane;
- umbuso wosuku lomntwana, umsoco wakhe;
- ukwakheka kwe-lactation;
- amashejuli emigomo nokunye.
Ukuhlola kusuka ku-neonatologist
Emaminithini okuqala emva kokuzalwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-neonatologist ukuhlola izinga lempilo yengane engxenyeni ye-Apgar ukuze kunqume ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokukhathalela kangakanani. Kusetshenziselwa izinqubo ezinhlanu lokhu: ukuphefumula, umsindo we-muscle, ukucabanga, isigqi senhliziyo, isimo sesikhumba. Lezi ziminganiso zenziwa kabili - ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa futhi emva kwemizuzu emihlanu. Ngaphambi kwezinsana ezisencane, i-Silverman scale isetshenziswa, okuyinto enquma imisebenzi yokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane ilinganiselwe, ukukhula kuyalinganiswa.
Yini eyenziwa yi-neonatologist?
Udokotela ngokwakhe noma umhlengikazi emahoreni angu-24 okuqala ngemva kokuzalwa wenza isampula segazi kusukela esanda kuzalwa esithendeni ukuze kuhlolwe okwengeziwe ngeqembu legazi, i-Rh factor, izifo ezehlukene. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqhutshwa izifo zezofuzo kanye nokunqunywa kwemigomo ejwayelekile yomtholampilo. Udokotela osanda kuzalwa uhlola impilo yengane ngokuhlola izingqinamba eziyinhloko nokuhlola izitho ezinjalo kanye nezingxenye zomzimba:
- isisu - uzizwa ukucacisa isikhundla nobukhulu be-spleen, isibindi;
- intamo, i-collarbone, i-sternum, izingxube ze-hip - ukukhipha ukulimala kokubeletha;
- imisipha - ithoni yabo ihlolwe;
- ikhanda - kunqunywa ukuthi kukhona i-edema, izicubu, ubukhulu befontiel isethwe;
- ukukhanya, inhliziyo - bugged ngokusebenzisa i-phonendoscope;
- izitho zangasese - ukuhlolwa, ukusabalalisa ukuthola izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Iseluleko se-Neonatologist
Amathiphu ambalwa, okwenziwa yi-neonatologist, azosiza abazali abasanda kubenza bakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi yabo, futhi umntwana kulula ukuvumelanisa nemvelo entsha:
- Izinsana eziningi ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa zivame ukulala kahle, okuyisenzo esivamile, kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi sizinikeze njalo isifuba.
- Igumbi lapho ingane ikhona khona kufanele kube nokuphuza umoya, futhi izindiza, izingubo, ukulala akufanele kuphazamise ukuphefumula kwemvuthuluka.
- Ngenxa yokuthi ukufudumala kwengane kuthuthukiswa kahle, akukwazi ukukhukhumeza nokuzizwa kubanda njengabantu abadala, kubalulekile ukugqoka nokumboza ngokuhambisana nokushisa kwekamelo.
- Ukuvakashelwa kwezivakashi kufanele kuhlehliselwe izinsuku eziningana noma amasonto, uma i-crumb izokwakha umbuso othile.
- I-Kid ibucayi kakhulu esimweni sengqondo somama, futhi kuye kubalulekile ukuzwa ukuzola okuvela kuye, ukuzethemba kwezenzo zakhe.