Umculo wamakhulu eminyaka adlule awasakazwa iziteshi zomsakazo zanamuhla, kodwa uhlala ezincwadini zasendulo nasemyuziyamu. Abasadlali, kodwa abanye abantu basakhumbula izingoma zomculo ezikhohliwe yimpucuko.
Sonke sazi ukuthi ipiyano, upiyano, icilongo, isiginci se-violin kanye nokubukeka kwegubhu nokuzwakala. Futhi "ugogo" wabo no-"grandfathers" babheka kanjani futhi bezwakala? Asikwazi ukudlala imisindo ye-orchestra yasendulo, kodwa sizokutshela ngezinsimbi zomculo zakudala.
1. Lear
Ngisho naseGrisi lasendulo, kwadalwa izinsimbi zomculo ekugcineni zathola ukubukeka okuvamile futhi zaba yisisekelo sokudalwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zanamuhla. I-Lira - isitsha somculo esithandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezwe lasendulo lesiGreki. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwehabhu kubuyela ku-1400g. BC. e. Leli thuluzi liye laziwa njalo nge-Apollo, njengoba ihreya yokuqala eyanikezwa nguHermes. Futhi wayekhala, ehambisana nezinkondlo ezinhle. Namuhla abadlala kwi-lyre, kodwa igama elithi "lyric" lifake le nsimbi.
2. Cifara
Ukucabangela ngokufanele enye yezinsimbi zomculo zokuqala ezinezintambo futhi uyinzalo eqondile ye-lyre. Abaculi abane-cithara ezandleni zabo baboniswa ezinhlamvu zemali zasendulo, amafrescoes, i-clay amphoras nemidwebo. Le nsimbi yayithandwa kakhulu ePersia, eNdiya naseRoma. Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza ngokunembile umsindo we-cithara, kodwa ngenxa yencazelo yombhalo yabuye yakhiwe kabusha.
3. Citra
Le nsimbi yomculo eqoshiwe enezintambo yayisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Austria naseJalimane ngekhulu le-18. E-Russia, kubonakala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XIX. Kwakunezikhali ezifanayo phakathi kwabantu baseChina naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
4. I-Harpsichord
Insimbi yomculo yekhibhodi ekhonjiwe, eyathola ukuthandwa kakhulu eNkathini Ephakathi. Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana ne-harpsichord lubuyela emuva ngo-1511. Ithuluzi eliyingqayizivele lomsebenzi wase-Italy we-1521 lisekhona nanamuhla. Ngaphandle, ama-harpsichords aphuma kahle kakhulu. Umzimba wabo wawuhlotshiswe ngemidwebo, imidwebo nemidwebo. Nokho, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 i-harpsichord ithathelwe indawo yipiyano, yaphakanyiswa futhi yabakhohlwa ngokuphelele ngekhulu le-19.
5. Clavecord
Enye yezinsimbi zomculo zokudumala ezindala kakhulu zokubetha. Ngaphandle kwakufana kakhulu ne-harpsichord, kodwa yayinezwi elinamandla kakhulu. UClavicord, owadalwa ngo-1543, namuhla usemnyuziyamu wezinsimbi zomculo edolobheni laseLeipzig eJalimane. Abakhiqizi abakhulu kunazo zonke uJohn Sebastian Bach, uWolfgang Amadeus Mozart noLudwig van Beethoven benza imisebenzi eminingi eyabhalwa i-clavichord.
6. Harmonium
Le nsimbi yomculo yomsindo wekhibhodi yomsindo yayithandwa kakhulu ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke wayebizwa ngokuthi "isitho". Umdali we-harmonium ungumFulentshi ogama lakhe linguDeben, owathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokwenza ithuluzi ngo-1840. Namuhla i-harmonium ibonakala kuphela kumamyuziyamu.
7. I-Bilo
Insimbi yakudala yesiSlavic. Yenziwe ngensimbi, eyashaywe nge-mallet. I-Bilo iphinde isebenze njengensimbi yesonto kanye nensimbi yesignali yamaKholwa aseNdala.
8. I-buzzer
Ithuluzi eliyinhloko lezinhlanzi zaseRussia zakudala zakudala. Ngaphandle kwakufana kakhulu ne-violin futhi kwakubhekwa njengesiboniso sayo se-Slavic. Uphondo luyisixhobo sokunshuni sokhuni esinamafomu anezinwele ezintathu.
9. I-lira yesondo
Isixhobo somculo sekhibhodi sasivela e-Central Europe ngekhulu le-11 ne-11. Ekuqaleni, ngokudlala ku-lira yesondo, kwadingeka abantu ababili, ngoba okhiye bephezulu. Omunye waphambukisa ipeni, kanti owesibili wadlala umculo. Kamuva okhiye babekwe ngezansi. ERussia, i-lyre yokuqala yesondo yabonakala ngekhulu le-XVII. Abantu abadlala leli thuluzi benza amavesi angokomoya nemifanekiso yeBhayibheli.
10. Kobza
Ithuluzi lomculo elinezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo zika-Ukraine. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-kobza yalethwa e-Ukraine yizizwe zesiTurkey, kodwa yazuza ifomu layo lokugcina kula mazwe. Isithombe somdlali wekhobza, ohambisane nengoma yakhe-ingoma ngokudlala ku-kobza, engafihli emsebenzini wakhe uT.Shevchenko. I-Kobza yayiyithuluzi eliyintandokazi yama-Cossacks ase-Ukraine nabantu bakuleli zwe, kodwa ngemva kuka-1850 kwafakwa indawo ye-bandura.
11. Ama-Rhinestics
Umgubhu wemvula iyisitsha somculo sasendulo esidala esasetshenziswa ama-shaman aseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika ukulawula izakhi zemvula. Wenza kahle ngokuzwakalayo amanzi noma imvula ewela. Ngaphambili kwakunensimbi yamasiko emidlalweni yasendulo yama-Aborigines wendawo. Namuhla, i-rheinist isebenza njengesigceme sezindlu kusukela emona nomsindo.
Buka Kufakiwe 12 Calimba
Isitsha esidala kunazo zonke zomculo wezizwe zase-Afrika. Namuhla, kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, zisetshenziselwa amasiko wendabuko. I-Kalimbu ibizwa ngokuthi "i-pianoforte yase-Afrika ngesandla".
13. Inyoka
Leli thuluzi laliyaziwa ngekhulu le-XVI. ngisho nangaphansi kwegama elilodwa - i-zinc, "umkhulu-khulu" wezinsimbi zemimoya. Yasungulwa ngumFulentshi u-Edm Guillaume. Inyoka iyitayipi eligobile elibukeka kakhulu njengenyoka. Benza ithuluzi elivela emthini noma emathanjeni, elimboza isisekelo sesikhumba. Ngesinye isikhathi isicenjana senyoka senziwa ngesimo senhloko ephindaphindiwe.
Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe 14 The Horn Orchestra
Ngo-1752, iSt. Petersburg yasungula ithuluzi esikhundleni se-orchestra yonke, eyayinezimpondo zokuzingela ezingama-40-80, ngasinye esasetshenzwa ngokucophelela futhi sihanjiswe umsindo wayo oyingqayizivele. Kuyacaca ukuthi ubukhulu obukhona lapha bububanzi: uphondo olukhulu luzwakala phansi, futhi uphondo oluncane kunazo zonke lwafaka amanothi aphezulu.
15. Ionica
Kuze kube yilapho nje, le nsimbi yomculo yayiyingxenye ebalulekile yeqoqo lokudlala. U-Ionika wuphawu lokuhweba lwezingoma zomculo zomculo ezikhishwe eGDR ngo-1959. ESoviet Union, igama elithi "ionics" lisetshenziselwa maqondana nazo zonke izinsimbi zamakhamera ezincane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwafakwa esikhundleni se-transistors, esasethembeka kakhulu.