Sekuyisikhathi eside ubumba lusetshenziselwa ukwakha nokuqeda. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvela kwamathuba amasha, izinto zokwakha ezintsha ezisemthethweni ziye zangena emakethe. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhiqiza kwabo kuphela abasebenzisa ubumba obufanayo, kodwa bafeze izici ezingcono kakhulu zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Isitini se-ceramic sakhiwa?
Thola izinto eziwusizo zokukhiqizwa ngendlela endala emakolishi. Isimiso sokukhiqiza ngokwaso asizange sishintshe, ubuchwepheshe kuphela bufeziwe. Ngemuva kokuba ubumba lufake esitshalweni, luqala ukulubeka esilwaneni bese luthola izikhala. Esikhathini esizayo lezi zikhalazo zizonqunywa futhi zizothunyelwa ukugosa. Imikhiqizo yekhwalithi engakwazi ukumelana nomncintiswano iqukethe izingxenyana ezincane.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola lezo zinto zokusetshenziswa, njengoba kunamakhele ambalwa, futhi ukususa ungqimba oludingekile ngaphandle kokuxuba kutholakala umkhumbi we-ibhakede elilodwa. Umshini ojikelezayo uhlanganisa izingqimba, ubumba luhanjiswa ekukhiqizeni ngezingxenyana ezahlukene. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokubala ibhizinisi lobucwebe: udinga ukukhetha ukushisa okulungile, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-fusible zihlotshaniswe ne-refractory, futhi ingxube inezici ezidingekayo esikhathini esizayo.
Kubhekwa njengethuluzi elihlukile le-ceramic clinker . Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwayo ayiyona ehlukile ngempela. Kodwa kusetshenziselwa amamaki akhethekile kuphela asetshenziswayo. Lokhu kukhishwa ngemuva kokuqedwa kwazo zonke izigaba kunikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa kwamaqhwa. I-clinker isetshenziselwa ukuhluka kokuqeda, kaningi kancane kuba yinto evamile. Beka udonga lwe-clinker elibizayo, kodwa lilungele izakhiwo ezenzelwe imithwalo ephezulu.
Isitini se-Ceramic - izinzuzo nezindleko
Ngeke uthole isakhiwo esisodwa sokwakha esingaziqhayisa ngezinzuzo ezivelele noma ukungalungi. Kukhona njalo izinhlangothi ezimbili zemali. Yilokho okwenzeka kithi, indlu yezitini ze-ceramic "iphikisana": inalo lonke uhlu lwamandla, kodwa kunezimanga ezinhle kakhulu. Ukwazi zonke izici, kulula ukuzinquma ukukhetha nokuqonda uma lesi sinqumo esifanele.
Isitini se-Ceramic - izinzuzo
I-Clay ibamba umuthi wesundu phakathi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwakha nokuqedela izinto ngesizathu. Ekusetshenzisweni okuhle komkhiqizo kubonakala kunokwethenjelwa futhi kuqinile, kuzo izici ezinhle kakhulu. Izitini ze-Ceramic zezindonga ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kuzokujabulisa ngezimfanelo ezinjalo:
- I-Ceramics kalula imelana nazo zonke izibonakaliso zemvelo yangaphandle: umoya, imvula, imisebe yelanga kanye nesichotho akuyona into embi kakhulu. Uma udinga ukwakha udonga noma ingxenye yendlu engakwazi ukumelana nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, ngesibindi ukhethe ukuthatha izitini ze-ceramic. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa umhlobiso wamathrekhi, ukuze udonga luhlale luhlobo lwalo lokuqala emashumini ambalwa eminyaka.
- Izindonga ezisendlini zithungwe kahle ngomsindo wangaphandle futhi zigcina ukushisa. Umoya wawuyisixazululo esingathembekile futhi esingenasiphelo samahhala. Kungenxa yezinto ezingavamile zokwakha futhi unikeza izici ezinjalo odongeni.
- Isitini se-Ceramic cishe ayitholi umswakama. Lokhu kutholakala ngobuningi besakhiwo, kuba nje umgoqo wokungena kunoma yisiphi umswakama. Ukubaluleka kwalesi sici ukuthi kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhono lodonga ukugcina ukushisa ngenkathi ebandayo. Umswakama uthola inani elincane, ngenxa yalokho, akukho ukubhujiswa uma kukhululeka.
- Ungakhohlwa ngokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo zezitini ze-ceramic ezindongeni zamatshe. Ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza, emva komjikelezo ogcwele, cishe akukho ukukhishwa emkhathini, emva kokwakhiwa, indlu iphinde iphephile kubantu.
Isitini se-Ceramic
Njengawo wonke umgqomo wobusi, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona i-spoonful yeju, futhi kuzo zonke izinzuzo zayo izitini ze-tile ze-ceramic inezinselele ezincane. Esimweni sokubheka kwamehlo kuthegi lentengo kwisitolo sokwakha. Uma ufuna umkhiqizo wekhwalithi enezici ozidingayo, kufanele uvumelane ngenani eliphezulu. Ukuze kukhishwe izitini ezibomvu ze-ceramic nomthunzi obomvu wedayi kungadingeki.
Kodwa ukuthola eminye imibala engeyona isici sobumba, umuntu kufanele athathe izinto ezimibalabala. Ngenxa yalokho, umthengi udlala e-lottery: kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi umphakeli usebenza kahle noma ngabe usebenzisa ama-dyes aphephile empilweni. Uma umqondo wakho womklamo uhilela ukuqedela ngezitini ezimhlophe ze-ceramic, akukho phuzu ekusindiseni. Ukwakha izinto ngokwazo kuyabiza, futhi kuyenze kube eshibhile ngenxa yezingulube.
Isitini se-Ceramic yokuhlobisa kwangaphandle
Akudingekile ukwakha udonga lwama-ceramics ukuze uthole izimfanelo ezanele zokuzivikela zendlu. Izitini ze-Ceramic zisetshenziselwa ngokuqinile ukugqoka izicathulo . Okulindelwe kulolu daba, umthengi akafisi nje amandla namandla okuthungatha, kepha futhi ezinkambisweni zokuhlobisa. Kanciphisa kancane isisindo, ukwandisa izakhiwo zokushisa ezishisayo kuvumela ukungabi nalutho. Isitini se-ceramic sihlukile uma sibhekene nendlu ngezingqinamba ezicacile, indawo enhle kanye nokubukeka okuhle. Ngokuqondene nohlangothi lokuhlobisa lombuzo, umthengi angakhetha umklamo ofanele yena ngokwakhe. Phakathi kwemiphumela engenzeka phezu kwezitini ze-ceramic, abakhiqizi banikeza izinketho ezilandelayo zokubhekana nazo:
- Isixazululo esilula, kodwa hhayi eshibhile kakhulu, isitini esinendawo ejwayelekile yeplanethi (ukhetho luhlala luqinile, ububanzi bombala wezitini ze-ceramic livela ku-gray kuya kumnyama omnyama);
- udonga lunomthakazelisa kakhulu ngemiphumela eqoshiwe ebusweni (ukulingisa ukubunjwa kwezinkuni noma itshe, amaphethini amahle - konke lokhu kulungile ngamanani amancane emagcekeni noma izingxenye zesakhiwo);
- Izitini ze-ceramic ezihlotshisiwe ezihlotshaniswayo zihluke emthunzini omhlophe nangobuso obuphezulu (ubumba obumhlophe obombala lusetshenziselwa phansi, okufaka umphumela wetshe lobuciko);
- Ama-tile e-Glyuzirovanny e-trick ane-surface ceramic eluhlaza, etholakala emva kokusetshenziswa kocingo lweglasi eliphansi eliqhakazile kanye nokudubula okulandelayo;
- kulolu hlu kubandakanya ukufaka i-clinker ebomvu ye-ceramic ebomvu, okwenziwe kusuka kakade esaziwa kithi ngobumba obunamafutha.
Izinhlobo zezitini ze-ceramic
Endabeni yokwakha udonga lwezitini ze-ceramic, imibala ekhethiwe iyodlala indima yesibili. Kubaluleke nakakhulu ukukhetha uhlobo lwezitini ezijwayelekile noma zokwakha ngendlela efanele. Ngenhla kwashiwo ukuthi ngaphakathi kwezitini kungenalutho noma kugcwele. Zombili izinhlobo zisetshenziswa embonini yokwakha, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezincomo zezakhiwo ezithile.
Izitini ezigcwele zeCeramic
Isitini esigcwele ngokugcwele singaziqhayisa ngamandla anesihe, amandla okumelana nemithwalo enamandla kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa noma ngabe kuphi lapho kusetshenzwa khona ukushisa nokushisa okudingekayo, futhi umthwalo ohleliwe uhlelwe. Isisindo ngasinye silinganiselwa ku-4 kg, okumele sithathwe uma sakha kwezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Zonke izimpawu ezibhalwe ngezitini eziqinile zetakerikhi zizofaneleka ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo, ukubeka izicabha kanye nezitofu. Abakhi bakhela kuso izisekelo kanye namasimini.
Izitini ezingenalutho ze-Ceramic
Imoya ngaphakathi ingakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu izindawo zokushisa ezishisayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa amandla. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ukusetshenziswa kwezitini ezivamile ezingavamile ezibonakalayo zibheke. Futhi lokhu akusona kuphela okukhethwa kukho lapho izici ezinjalo ziwusizo. Isitini se-Ceramic nge-voids siphelele ekwakheni izindonga zezakhiwo kuze kube ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezintathu.
Indlu izothuthuka, futhi izindleko zayo ziyokwehla. Kuyaphumelela kakhulu ukwakha izingxenye ezifinyelela ku-120 mm ubukhulu, azikhathele futhi zifane nokugcina ukukhishwa okuzwakalayo. Ngisho namagareji noma izakhiwo ezifanayo zakhiwe ngempumelelo kusukela kokusebenza okungekho emakhiweni. Kodwa konke lokhu kuzosebenza ukuthi izakhiwo zide kakhulu namanzi. Umswakama ubambe kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ukwakhiwa kuqale ukubhujiswa ngenxa yamanzi ngaphakathi kwe-voids. Ungamukeli ukusetshenziswa kwezitini ezingenalutho zekheramisi nokwakhiwa kwezitofu. Akumane uvumele ukushisa kuhlakazeke kulo lonke igumbi.