Ukuzihlolisisa nge-Nechiporenko ingenye yamathuluzi okuhlola okubaluleke kakhulu. It isetshenziswa urology, nephrology kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zemithi. Le ndlela yokuxilonga izindleko ezincane ibhekwa njengolwazi kakhulu. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone izibalo ezifihlekile zesistimu ye-genitourinary bese uqala ukuqeda ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kusho ukuthini i-Nechiporenko?
Ukutadisha okunjalo okuhlongozwayo kwaphakanyiswa isosayensi-udokotela waseSoviet. Lo mdwebi kwakungu-Alexander Zacharovich Nechiporenko. Indlela ephakanyiswe nguye yenza kube lula ukunquma inani lezici zegazi ezikhona emcinini. Ukunakekelwa kubhalwa ngokubala izinto ezilandelayo:
- i-erythrocyte;
- i-leukocyte;
- amasilinda.
Indlela yeNechiporenko inconywa ezimweni ezinjalo:
- lapho kuhlaziywa kwangaphambili komchamo kutholakala izinhlayiya zegazi;
- uma udokotela esaba ukuthi ukutheleleka okufihliwe kwesimiso somchamo kusebenza emzimbeni wesiguli;
- nesifo sikashukela, i-vasculitis noma esinye isifo esithinta ukusebenza kwezinso;
- lapho udokotela efuna ukulandelela amademu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ukuhlaziywa komchamo nge-Nechiporenko kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakhe uqoka uma owesifazane ekhononda ngokushisa, ubuhlungu nezinye izinzwa ezingathandekile endaweni yezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isampula esinjalo somchamo singabelwa izingane ezincane. Kunqunywe uma isazi sinesizathu sokusola ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-excretory system noma esimweni se-disabetric disorder.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Nechiporenko nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-urinalysis
Indlela yokwenza lezi zivivinyo ezimbili zomtholampilo ihlukile ngokuhlukile. Ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile kusebenzisa i-microscope. Isampuli ye-Nechiporenko yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ikamelo elibala lokubala. Ngalesi divayisi, inani lezici zegazi eliseketsheni libalwe. Okuhlukanisa ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo ngokusho kukaNechiporenko kubonakala emiphumeleni yocwaningo. Lesi sampuli sinikeza impendulo eningiliziwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlolwa jikelele kuhlinzeka kuphela idatha ejwayelekile mayelana nesimo sempilo yesiguli.
Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kubonisani uNechiporenko?
Ukutadisha okunjalo kusiza ekuqapheliseni ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokujwayelekile kokuhlola ngeke kubonakalise. Ukuhlaziywa kukaNechiporenko kubonisa: inani lezici zegazi ku-1 ml yomchamo. Ngokutadisha okunjalo, uketshezi lwe-diagnostic ludluliselwa nge-centrifuge. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo nge-Nechiporenko - inani lomchamo (umthamo wokutadisha) ngu-50 ml. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla e-centrifugal, ama-sediment enza ama-fluid biological. Kuthululelwa ekamelweni elikhethekile elisetshenziselwa ukubala amaseli wegazi namaseli.
Ukuhlaziywa komchamo udokotela waseNechiporenko ukhetha ukusola okuncane kokusebenza kwe-system excretory. Kuyasiza ekutholeni ngokunembile izifo ezinzulu kangaka:
- i-cystitis - ukuvuvukala kwesimo esithathelwanayo, esihambisana nokusikeka ngesikhathi sokuchama;
- ama-neoplasms amahle futhi amabi;
- i-pyelonephritis - ukuvuvukala kwe-renal pelvis, ephelezelwa ukuwohloka kwesifiso, ukuphakama kokushisa kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-malaise;
- i-glomerulonephritis - inqubo elula noma engapheli, ebonakala ngokugxuma ekucindezelekeni kwegazi nokuvuvukala;
- i-prostatitis;
- ukudakwa komzimba obangelwa ubuthi ngamathunya;
- ukuphazamiseka kwezinso;
- ukucindezeleka okubalulekile nokunye okunye.
Ngingathatha kanjani ukuhlolwa komchamo ku-Nechiporenko?
Ukufaneleka kokuqoqwa kwamanzi abilayo kuncike ekutheni imiphumela iyobe yithembekile kangakanani. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo yokuxilonga, udokotela uzochaza ngokuningiliziwe isiguli ukuthi kufanele adlulise kanjani ukuhlaziywa kukaNechiporenko. Uzokunikeza izincomo kumalungiselelo okuxhaphazwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uzokwazisa ukuthi kufanele ahlangane kahle kanjani uketshezi oluphilayo.
Ukucubungula nge-Nechiporenko - ukulungiselela
Ukuze imiphumela ibe enokwethenjelwa ngangokunokwenzeka, isiguli kufanele silandele izincomo ezinjalo:
- Yazisa udokotela mayelana nemithi ethathwe. Njengoba ezinye izidakamizwa (isibonelo, ama-antibiotic kanye nezidakamizwa) zithinta imiphumela, zingadingeka zilahlwe kuzo zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Isithombe esingamanga singakunikeza ukucindezeleka nokuzikhandla komzimba, ngakho-ke kuyisifiso sokuba isiguli sizivikele kukho konke lokhu.
- Ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwamanzi abilayo, kufanele ugweme ukuthatha imikhiqizo ngomphumela wokubala. Lezi zifaka i-carrot ijusi, isithombo sebhitrudi ne-rhubarb. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ugweme utshwala, amaswidi, inyama enzima nesoda.
- Ngaphambi kokuba udlulise ukuhlaziywa kwe-Nechiporenko, udinga ukugeza ngokugcwele izitho zangasese. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, amangqamuzana afile azofaka uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo, ehlanekeze imiphumela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlolo lokuhlola lwe-Nechiporenko alubizi abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Igazi lingathola kusuka kulesiswini ukuya kumchamo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlaziya ngeke kusethembeke. Yeka ukuhlola okunjalo ukuhlola futhi udinga izinsuku ezimbili ngemuva kokuphela komjikelezo wesimiso. Esigabeni somzimba, izimpumputhe zegazi zihlala kule nkathi, futhi kusukela lapho zingangena umchamo, zihlanekeze imiphumela yokuhlaziywa. Uma ngabe kunjalo ukulinda ukubekezeleleka nokudlula noma okuqhubekayo ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuqoqa uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-swab yokuhlanzeka.
Esikhathini esithile, kuzodingeka ukuthi udlulise ukulethwa kokuhlaziywa ngemuva kokuphahlazeka. Phakathi nalokhu ukuxhaphaza, izilonda ezincane zingase zihlale e-urethra. Ngenxa yabo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ye-Nechiporenko izobonisa ukuhlushwa okwandisiwe kwamaseli abomvu e-fluid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ngaphambi kokwenza isifundo sokuhlola lokho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli asinaso isifo sohudo noma amakhaza. Ukwelapha okunjalo kuzophazamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ungakuqoqa kanjani u-urinalysis ngo-Nechiporenko?
I-container oyinyumba kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqoqa uketshezi oluphilayo. Ingathengwa ekhemisi eliseduzane. Isitsha esincane seglasi ephethe intamo ende, okumelwe ihlanjululwe ngesisombululo soda, bese kuhhavini ye-microwave inzalo ngemizuzu engu-2-3. Nakhu ukuthi ukuqoqa kahle kanjani i-urinalysis yi-Nechiporenko:
- Kuhle ukugeza izitho zangasese ngamanzi. Ukugeza ngenkathi uncoma ngaphandle kwensipho.
- Ukuqoqwa kwe-urinalysis yi-Nechiporenko kwenziwa ekuseni, ngesisu esingenalutho.
- Isiqukathi esinomsoco wezinto eziphilayo kufanele sikhishwe masinyane ngesembozo ukuze ama-microorganisms angaphandle angangeni ngaphakathi.
Ngakanani umchamo uhlaziywa ngoNechiporenko?
Ulwazi oluqoqiwe lwezinto eziphilayo kufanele lunikezwe ebhokisithri ukuze luhlolwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Awukwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngoba kule mikhakha imvelo izothuthuka. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa komchamo we-Nechiporenko wenziwa kungakapheli amahora amabili. Kulesi simo, izinto eziphilayo akufanele zivezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma aphezulu noma zibe endaweni yelanga eliqondile.
Ukucubungulwa ngu-Nechiporenko - okulotshiwe
Esifundweni sokuhlonza, kokubili ukufaneleka kokuziphatha kwayo nokuhlolwa okusemandleni kwemiphumela etholakalayo kubalulekile. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa komchamo we-Nechiporenko kwenziwa, imingcele ifundwa ngokucophelela (ingxenye ngayinye ibalwa). Kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela ahlolisise kahle futhi aqale izinqubo zokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukuzihlolisisa yi-Nechiporenko kuyinto evamile
Ngisho nomuntu onempilo enhle emzimbeni wamanzi angase abe nombolo ethile yezinto zegazi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Nechiporenko - okujwayelekile kuyindlela elandelayo (ku-1 ml yezinto zokuhlolwa):
- I-erythrocyte - kufika kumangqamuzana angu-1000;
- Izilinda - ubuningi bezingxenye ezingu-20;
- i-leukocytes - kufika ku-2000 amaseli;
- amaprotheni - akufanele abe;
- amaseli e-epithelium - okwenzekayo okukodwa kuyamukeleka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithebula lokuhlaziya umchamo ngoNechiporenko libonisa ukuthi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe izinga liphakeme kakhulu kunabanye iziguli. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuvunyelwe uma inani lama-leukocyte ku-fluid yezinto eziphilayo kungama-2000-4000 amayunithi. Ngezilinganiso ezinjalo udokotela akayena obala ukwelashwa, kodwa nje uhlolisisa isimo sowesifazane futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukhetha isifundo sesibili.
Ukuzihlola nge-Nechiporenko - leukocytes
Lawa maseli ahlanganyela ekulawuleni komzimba. Ukwanda kwabo kubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokuvuvukala iyasebenza emzimbeni wesiguli. Uma ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngokusho kukaNechiporenko kwandise amangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, lingaba yisiginali sezinqubo ezinjalo zempilo:
- ukuvuvukala kwesisu;
- ukutholakala kwamatshe ezinso;
- i-pyelonephritis;
- i-trichomoniasis;
- I-Candidiasis;
- i-endometritis njalonjalo.
Ukucwaninga nge-Nechiporenko - erythrocytes
Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ayabaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni: athatha i-oxygen nezinye izinto ezibalulekile emaqenjini ama-tissue nezitho. Inombolo ekhuphukisiwe yalezi zakhi ibonisa umonakalo wezinso noma ukuthi i-membrane yamangcwaba yomsele wokuvuthwa yonakaliswe. Indlela ye-Nechiporenko - ukuhlaziywa kwamagciwane kungabonisa ukuhlushwa kwama-erythrocytes okungaphezu kokuvamile kulezi zinqubo zokugula:
- isisu sezinso;
- ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho ;
- i-hydronephrosis ;
- i-prostatitis;
- izinso zezinso .
Kweminye "i-provocateurs", ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngokwendlela yeNechiporenko kubonisa ukuhlushwa okwandisiwe kwamaseli abomvu, kufaka:
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-acute noma amafutha kakhulu;
- Umthwalo onamandla;
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- ukushisa.
Ukucubungula nge-Nechiporenko - Izilinda
Lezi yizidumbu zeprotheni. Okuhle, ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngokusho kukaNechiporenko kubonisa izilinda ze-0. Uma ukuhlushwa kwezinto ezinjalo kungaphezu kuka-20 (inani eliphakeme elivunyelwe), lokhu kubonisa ukukhubazeka okwenzeka emzimbeni:
- isithuthwane;
- amyloidosis ;
- i-hypertension;
- i-hepatitis;
- inqubo yokuzenzakalela.