Enye yezinqubo ezicacile zokuxilonga ezivumela ukulandelela izinguquko ze-pathological emzimbeni futhi ukusola ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile ekuqaleni kusengaphambili ukuhlola igazi kwegazi. Lolu cwaningo luqhutshwa ukuze kunqume isimo sezitho zonke nezinhlelo, lapho izinkomba ezithintekayo zezingxenye eziningi zegazi zihlaziywa. Esinye isibonakaliso esinjalo yizinga lika-alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Cabanga ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingavamile ezingaboniswa yi-ALT ephakeme inani elitholakala ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi elimnyama.
Yini i-ALT ekuhlolweni kwegazi?
I-Alanine aminotransferase iyi-enzyme engapheliyo yeqembu lokudlulisa kanye neqembu elincane lama-aminotransferase. Ikhiqizwa ngamaseli wesibindi - i-hepatocytes. I-ALT itholakala ikakhulu esibindi, kodwa ezinye ze-enzyme zitholakala nezinso, imisipha yenhliziyo, ama-pancre kanye namasipha omzimba wesisipha. Ingxenye encane yale enzyme ivame ukutholakala egazini (inkomba yabesifazane ifika ku-31 U / l).
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-alanine aminotransferase kuhlotshaniswa nokushintshaniswa kwama-amino acids. Lesi sici sithatha isisusa ekudluliseni ama-molecule athile. Lapho amandla e-metabolism ephazamiseka, ukuguqulwa kwe-membrane yeseli kuyanda, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwamangqamuzana nokukhululwa kwe-enzyme ku-serum.
Izimbangela zegazi eliphakeme le-ATL
Uma ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ze - biochemical kubonisa ukuthi i-ALT egazini iphakanyisiwe, isizathu salokhu ezimweni eziningi ukulimala kwesibindi. Kodwa futhi ukuhlushwa kwalo mzimba kungakhula ngenxa yezinkinga zezinye izitho. Ake sicabangele, yiziphi ngempela izifo nokuthi zingakanani izinga le-ALT elingadlula umkhuba:
- Ukunyuka kwama-20 kuya ku-100 ku-ALT kungase kubonise ukuthi i-hepatitis enamandla ngenxa yomonakalo wegciwane noma ubuthi. E-acute hepatitis A eyingozi, lokhu kukhuphuka kubonakala cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-jaundice, futhi ngemva kwamasonto amathathu ukubonakala kwayo kuvele. Nge-hepatitis B ne-C, i-ALT ingakhula ngokungalindelekile, bese yehla emazingeni ajwayelekile. Ukwandiswa kwalesi sibonakaliso kungabonakala nangokwenyuka kwesifo sofuba esingapheli, kepha kulokhu, ukudlula ngokweqile kwenzeka izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezi-5.
- Uma i-ALT yanda izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3, ingabe ingakhuluma nge-non-alcoholic fatty fover disease (steatosis). Ukuguqulwa kwesifo kuya kwesigaba se-steatohepatitis kuhambisana nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwezinga le-ALT, kanye nokwanda kwezinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin eliphelele kanye ngqo.
- Ukunyuka okuphindwe kabili emanzini e-alanine aminotransferase egazini kuvame ukutholakala e-cirrhosis yesibindi, ehlobene nenqubo ejulile yokufaka amangqamuzana e-hepatic anezicubu ezixhunyiwe.
- Ngezinye izikhathi ukwanda kwezinga le-enzyme kuyatholakala ngokulimala kwesibindi semetastatic. Kulesi simo, i-lesion enkulu, i-ALT egazini. Kodwa-ke, nge-tumor oyinhloko, isibonelo, nge-hepatocellular carcinoma, ukwehluka kwe-ATL evamile akuyona into ebalulekile, okuvame ukuba nzima ukuxilongwa.
- Ukwanda kwe-ALT kuya ku-600 U / L okulandelwa ukunciphisa okubukhali kuyisignali ephawulekayo yokuvinjelwa okunzima kwama-bile ducts.
Ukuncipha okuncane kokujwayelekile kungabonwa uma:
- i-infarction ye-myocardial;
- i-myocarditis;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
- i-pancreatitis enzima ;
- isimo sokwethusa;
- isifo sofuba esibangelwa utshwala;
- i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo;
- i-myositis;
- i-lymphoblastic leukemia;
- i-gestosis enamandla kwabesifazane abakhulelwe (II trimester), njll.
Futhi, ukwanda kwe-ATL kungaba umphumela wokuthatha imithi enjengale:
- i-cholestatics;
- izakhi zokubeletha ngomlomo;
- i-estrogens;
- i-nicotinic acid;
- i-sulfonamide nabanye.