Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesi-2 yisifo esivame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane abakhuluphele kakhulu. Ngalesi sifo, ukuzwela kwezicubu ekusebenzeni kwe-insulin kukhula, okuholela ekwandeni kwezinga likaglucose egazini, futhi zonke izinqubo zokuxilonga emzimbeni zihluleka.
Eyaziwa ngokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kanye nesifo esingaqondakali esikoleni sokuqala, lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala esiteji sezinkinga ezingase zikhule ngokushesha lapho kungekho khona ukwelashwa. Isisekelo sokwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinama-diabetes amaningi kunomuthi, lapho izidakamizwa zamaqembu amaningana zisetshenziselwa khona. Ake sicabangele, kunokuba yamukelwe ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sezinhlobo ezimbili, kuthiwani ngamalungiselelo aphumelela kakhulu.
Izidakamizwa zokwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2
Ngeshwa, ukwelapha isifo sikashukela namuhla akunakwenzeka, kodwa lesi sifo singalawulwa ngokuphila ngokugcwele. Uma ushukela wegazi nokuzizwa komzimba ku-insulin akukwazi ukujwayela kuphela ngokudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate nokusebenza ngokomzimba, izidakamizwa azikwazi ukuhanjiswa nazo. Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokwelapha izidakamizwa yizo:
- ukuphumelela kokulawulwa kokunciphisa isikhathi eside;
- ukuvimbela izinkinga.
Iqembu eliyinhloko lezidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela se-type 2 yizidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela efomu elibhekiwe, ezihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezine:
1. Imithi ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulini ngamaseli we-pancreatic. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-sulphonylureas, efana nesakhiwo samakhemikhali, futhi sihlukaniswa ngesizukulwane:
- izidakamizwa zokuqala (i-tolbutamide, i-carbutamide, i-tolazamide, i-chlorpropamide) - ngenxa yemiphumela emibi manje engasetshenziswanga;
- izidakamizwa zesizukulwane sesibili (glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, glycidone);
- Isidakamizwa sesizukulwane sesithathu (glimepiride) ngumuthi omusha wohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela, esinamathuba amaningi kunamaphambilini.
Futhi, ukuvuselela i-insulin, i-Novonorm (repaglinide) ne-Starlix (nateglinide) izidakamizwa zavela maduzane.
2. I-Biguanides - izidakamizwa ezandisa ukuzwela kwamaseli kuya kwi-insulin. Namuhla, umuthi owodwa kuphela usetshenziswa kuloluhlobo lwemithi: metformin (i-Siofor, i-Glucophage, njll). Indlela yokusebenza ye-biguanides ayisacacile, kodwa kwaziwa ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-metformin zenza ukuba kube nesisindo, ngakho-ke kuboniswa ukukhuluphala.
3. I-inhibitors ye-alpha-glucosidase - indlela yokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose emathunjini egazini. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuvimbela isenzo se-enzyme, ephula ishukela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze bangangeni egazini. Njengamanje, i-Glucobay (i-acarbose) isetshenziswe ngentshiseko.
4. Abasenayo (izithako) yizidakamizwa ezikhuphula ukuphendula kwezicubu ku-insulin. Umphumela ufezwa ngu
Iziguli ezinezikhathi ezide zalesi sifo zingadinga ukuqokwa kwamalungiselelo e-insulin ejova - okwesikhashana noma ngokuphila.
Izidakamizwa ze-hypotensive ze-type 2 yesifo sikashukela sell
Lezi zidakamizwa, ezinqunyelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ze-vascular, kufanele zibhekiswe eqenjini elikhethekile. Kulesi sifo, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi, imithi inikezwa ukuthi ithinte kalula izinso. Njengomthetho, ama- blockers wesiteshi se- thiazide diuretics ne- calcium anqunywe.