Izakhiwo zamaphrotheni yizinto eziyinhloko zokwakha emzimbeni womuntu. Ama-molecule amaphrotheni akhona emithonjeni ethile yezinto eziphilayo, futhi uma kwenzeka ukunciphisa noma ukwanda ekugxilweni kwawo, umuntu angakhuluma ngokuphulwa kwemisebenzi ethile yomzimba. Emazingeni kanye nokuphambuka kwenkomba enjalo njengeprotheni emcimbini, ake sixoxe kabanzi.
Amaprotheni emceni - asho ukuthini?
Ukuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwe-laboratory jikelele we-urine, iphrotheni ihlolwe ngempela, njengoba lokhu kubonakaliswa kubaluleke kakhulu. I-urine eyakhiwe ezinsweni ngokuhlunga kusuka egazini ingavame ukuqukethe izingxenyana zamaphrotheni kuphela kumanani okulandelela, okungukuthi, amancane kakhulu, okusemkhawulweni wokukwazi ukuthola ngamasu okuhlaziya. Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu yokuhlunga kwezinso, ama-molecule wamaprotheni, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, akakwazi ukungena emcimbini, ngakho-ke into yokuqala ukuthi amaprotheni emcimbini kusho ukungasebenzi kwamagundane okuhlunga izintambo.
Amaphrotheni emcintini, okujwayelekile okungekho ngaphezu kuka-0.033 g / l (8 mg / dl) kubantu abanempilo, abesifazane abakhulelwe bangatholakala ku-0.14 g / l, okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Lezi zimiso zibhekisela endleleni yokuzimisela nge-sulfosalicylic acid. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi isithombe esinokwethenjelwa esinganikezwa ngesilinganiso samaphrotheni amaningi endaweni eyodwa yomchamo, kodwa yi-protein yansuku zonke emcinini, enqunywe kuwo wonke umthamo wetshezi olwenziwa yizinso ngosuku olulodwa.
Proteinuria - izinhlobo nezinqubo zokuthuthukiswa
Isimo lapho umchamo ubonisa khona amaprotheni emaketheni aphezulu kunalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iproteinuria. Kulesi simo, umzimba ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kuka-150 mg amaprotheni amaqhezu ngosuku. I-Syndrome ye-proteinuria ingaba ngokomzimba (ukusebenza) noma i-pathological, futhi hhayi njalo ihlotshaniswa nokungahambi kahle kwesistimu ye-urinary.
Iproteinuria esebenzayo
Ukunyuka okwesikhashana kwiprotheni emcinini, okudlula ubuningi, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala kubantu abanempilo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kuze kube manje, izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kweproteinuria esebenzayo azizange zihlolwe ngokugcwele, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokungahambi kahle kwenqubo ye-renal ngaphandle kwezinguquko ze-anatomical. Iproteinuria engokwemvelo ihlukaniswe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-Orthostatic proteinuria (postural) - ibonakala kubantu abasha abanempilo ye-asthenic ngemva kokuhlala isikhathi eside kokuma noma ngemva kokuhamba, futhi ngemuva kokuhlala endaweni yokudla engekho (ngakho-ke ingxenye yesimanje iphrotheni ayitholakali).
- I-Feverish - inqunywa ngezikhathi zomkhuhlane, ihambisana nokudakwa komzimba.
- Ukudla - emva kokudla ukudla okuningi, kugcwele amaprotheni.
- I-Centrogenic - ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okuxubile, ingxabano ebuchosheni.
- Ukuzwela - ngokucindezeleka okuningi, ukwethuka kwengqondo.
- Ukusebenza (proteinuria of tension) - kuvela ekuzikhandla ngokomzimba ngokweqile, ukuqeqeshwa (ngenxa yokwephulwa kwesikhashana kwegazi kwizinso).
I-proteinuria engumzimba
Amaprotheni aphakanyisiwe emcinini angaba yinkunzi kanye ne-extrarenal. Izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka ezintsheni zisekelwe ezindleleni ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi:
- I-glomerular proteinuria - ihlotshaniswa nomonakalo ku-glomeruli ye-peripheral, ukuvuthwa okwenyuka kwekhanda elincane le-glomerular (inqwaba ephuma egazini kumaprotheni e-plasma ahlungiwe).
- I-tubular proteinuria ingenxa yezinto ezingavamile emashubhu we-renal ngenxa yezinkinga zesimiso noma ezisebenzayo, lapho ikhono lokubuyisela kabusha amaprotheni elahlekile, noma amaprotheni adunyiswa yi-epithelium ye-tubular.
Ngokusekelwe ebubini bomonakalo kusihlungi se-glomerular, i-glomerular proteinuria ihlukaniswe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-proteinuria ekhethiwe - iyenzeka nge-lesion encane (evame ukubuyiselwa), ekhonjiswe ukungena kwamaprotheni anomzimba osindayo.
- I-proteinuria engekho-ekhethiwe - ibonisa isilonda esinzima, lapho izingxenyana eziphezulu noma eziphakathi kwamandla ezinomzimba zifaka ingozi ye-glomerular.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinto ezingavamile azihlotshaniswa nezinqubo ze-pathological izinso:
- I-proteinuria yokuchichima (prerenal), evela ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile nokuqoqwa kwiplasma yegazi yamaprotheni anomzimba osindayo wamangqamuzana (myoglobin, hemoglobin).
- I-Postrednaya - ngenxa yokuphuma komchamo, isihlungi se-renal, i-mucus kanye neprotheyini exudate ngokuvuvukala komugudu noma umuthi wesisu.
Isolate proteinuria, ekhonjiswa ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulayo lamaphrotheni ama-urine ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi wezinyosi, ezinye izimpawu noma izinkinga. Iziguli ezinezifo ezixilongwa zisengozini enkulu yokuhluleka kwezinso ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngokuvamile, iprotheni ikhishwa ekuhlungeni okungaphezulu kwama-2 g ngosuku.
Amaphrotheni - izigaba
Kuye ngesilinganiso samaphrotheni emcimbini, kunezigaba ezintathu zeproteinuria:
- Ichazwe kancane (engabalulekile) - 150-500 mg ngosuku;
- echazwe ngokwemvelo - 500-2000 mg ngosuku;
- i-proteinuria ebalulekile (evezwe) - ngaphezu kuka-2000 mg ngosuku.
Amaprotheni e-urine abangela
Uma sicabanga ukuthi kungani amaprotheni emcimbini atholakale isikhathi eside, sizobe sibhala izici ezihlukene eziphathelene nokulimala kwezinso nezinye izifo. Izimbangela ezingase zenzeke zamaprotheni emcimbini zimi kanje:
- glomerulonephritis ideopathic;
- i-pyelonephritis ;
- isifo sezinso ze-polycystic;
- i-amyloidosis yezinso ;
- i-glomerulosclerosis;
- isifo sofuba sezinso;
- lupus nephritis;
- i-necrosis ye-tubular elula;
- ukulahlwa okungapheli kokufakelwa kwezinso;
- i-thrombosis ye-veins ye-renal;
- izimpungushe zezinso;
- ukulimala izinso.
Izimbangela ze-pathology eyengeziwe:
- ukucindezela okuqhubekayo;
- izifo zokuvuvukala nezifo zesimiso se-genitourinary;
- Ukufakela i-toxicinfections;
- ushukela nesifo sikashukela insipidus ;
- izifo zegazi ezimbi;
- ukushisa okukhulu;
- umdlavuza wamaphaphu ;
- izicubu ezinonya zesimiso sokugaya ukudla.
Ukuhlaziywa - i-Proteinuria
Ukucwaninga kulolu cwaningo, njengeproteinuria nsuku zonke, kunconywa njalo kubantu abanezifo ezihlukahlukene zezinso. Kubo bonke abanye abantu, lokhu kuhlaziywa kunqunywe uma ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kuyatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komchamo jikelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisa ngokunembile imininingwane yocwaningo ukuze ugweme imiphumela engathembeki.
I-proteinuria yansuku zonke - ukuthatha kanjani ukuhlolwa?
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi i-proteinuria yansuku zonke ifana nani, ukuthatha kanjani umchamo, le mithetho elandelayo izothatha:
- Ngosuku lokuqoqwa kwezinto zokuhlaziywa, ukuphuza kanye nokudla okumele kwenziwe kufanele kujwayelane, kungashintshi.
- Isitsha seqoqo sisetshenzisiwe oyinyumba, ngevolumu okungenani amalitha amathathu, isilondoloziwe esiswini.
- Ingxenye yokuqala yokuqala yomchamo ayihambi.
- Iqoqo lokugcina lomchamo lenziwa amahora angu-24 ngemuva kweqoqo lokuqala.
- Ngaphambi kokuvuthwa ngalunye, kufanele ugeze amazinyo akho ngamanzi afudumele ngezindlela zokusondeza obuseduze ngaphandle kwamakha amafutha bese usula omeyile ngendwangu yokotini.
- Ekupheleni kokuqoqwa komchamo, cishe u-100 ml wezinto eziqoqiwe uphonswa emgodini omusha oyinyumba kusuka kumthamo wonke futhi unikezwe ebhokisithri zingakapheli amahora amabili.
I-proteinuria iyinhlangano evamile
Kukholelwa ukuthi umkhuba wamaprotheni emcimbini womuntu omdala onempilo, oqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula, cishe u-50-100 mg. Ukudlula inkomba ka-150 mg / ngosuku kuyisizathu esizwakalayo sokuzwakala i-alamu bese uthola isizathu sokuphambuka, okunye okunye okungaqondiswa khona okungahle kunqunywe. Uma iqoqo lomchamo locwaningo lwenziwa ngokumelene nesizinda somsebenzi womzimba, izinga elinganiselwe lendabuko lihlelwe ku-250 mg / ngosuku.
Amaprotheni emcimbini - ukwelashwa
Njengoba iphrotheni eyandayo emcimbini akuyona isifo esizimele, kodwa esinye sezibonakaliso zesifo, kubalulekile ukuphatha ukwelashwa okuholela enkingeni enjalo. Izindlela zokwelashwa zingahluka kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni kanye nesifo esiqinile, izifo ezihambisana nezifo, ubudala. Ngokuvamile lapho isimo sithuthuka ekuguleni okuyinhloko, i-proteinuria iyancipha noma iyanyamalala.