Izicubu ezinomsoco yi-cluster ye glomeruli ebizwa nge-glomeruli. Benza umsebenzi wokuhlunga, basuse emikhiqizo yokushintshaniswa enobuthi nokusetshenziswa komthamo okwedlulele. I-glomerulonephritis iqala lapho glomeruli ethinteka. Inqubo ye-pathological ishicilela njalo izinso zombili, iqhubeka ngokushesha futhi ibangele izinkinga.
I-Glomerulonephritis - Izimbangela
Kukhona ifomu eliyisisekelo nelesibili lesifo esichazwe. Ukuhlukahluka kokugcina kubangelwa ukuhlukumeza okweqile. Isibonelo, i-glomerulonephritis yezinso ingenza i-debut yayo ngemuva kwesizinda esilandelayo:
- i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ;
- I-Alport syndrome;
- i-lupus erythematosus;
- Isifo sika-Fabry;
- antiphospholipid syndrome;
- i-hepatitis C;
- i-vasculitis;
- endocarditis;
- i-Coxsackie virus , i-Epstein-Barr;
- i-nodular periarteritis;
- amyloidosis;
- I-syndrome yokuphumula ;
- Isifo se-Shenlen-Henoch;
- izicubu ezimbi.
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lomonakalo ku-glomeruli ye-renal yisifo esizimele. I-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ivame ukukhula, ngezinye izikhathi amanye amabhaktheriya noma ama-parasites enza njengama-causative agents. Ukulwa nama-microorganisms we-pathogenic, isimiso somzimba sokuvikela amasosha sikhiphe amasosha omzimba. Uma zingenaketshelwa yedwa, lezi zinkimbinkimbi ziqoqa ku-glomeruli. Kamuva, bavusa izinqubo zokuvuvukala, futhi isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba siqala ukuhlasela izicubu zayo zezinso.
I-Glomerulonephritis - isigaba
Lesi sifo esicatshangelwayo sihlukaniswa ngokwemvelo yenkambo yayo. Ochwepheshe bahlolisisa i-subacute, i-glomerulonephritis enobuhlungu futhi engapheli. Indlela yokuqala yokukhubazeka ibizwa nangokuthi iyashesha noma iyingozi, kubhekwa njengengozi eyingozi kunazo zonke yomonakalo ku-glomeruli. Ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuyeka i-glomerulonephritis enjalo - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa akuxhomeki komunye nomunye, isimo sibhebhetheka ngisho nokuziphatha okwenzeka ngesikhathi esithile. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luphela emiphumeleni ebulalayo ngamacala angu-80%.
I-glomerulonephritis ebonakalayo ibonakala ngokusheshisa okusheshayo nezimpawu ezinzima. Uma kutholakala ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifanele, kuphulukiswa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Uma ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngokungalungile noma ukugula kwaqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu, lesi sifo sidlulela esimweni esingapheli. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lunokuhluka okuhlukahlukene.
I-glomerulonephritis yamuva
Amanye amagama ohlobo oluchazweyo lomonakalo ku-glomeruli yama-renal avulekile, asemanzini. Lapho uthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-glomerulonephritis, umuntu uzizwa kahle, azikho izimpawu ezithile ezibonakalayo. Ukuthola uhlobo olulandelayo lwesifo kusiza kuphela ukuhlaziywa komchamo. Kubonisa ukulandelana kwama-protein compounds kanye nezingxenye zegazi.
I-Glomerulonephritis ifomu le-hematric
Le pathology ehlukile ibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikaBergger. Ekuqaleni, inhlalakahle nayo ihlala iyanelisa, kodwa kamuva i-glomerulonephritis ye-hematuric iveza ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile nokwanda kwegazi. I-symptomatology yesifo ayikho emthethweni, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kuyadingeka. Kubalulekile ukuhlola umchamo ukuze kuhlolwe i-glomerulonephritis enjalo - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuqinisekiswa lapho izingxenye zegazi zitholakala ku-fluid eziphilayo:
- i-erythrocyte;
- amaprotheni amaqhezu;
- i-thrombocytes.
I-Glomerulonephritis ifomu le-hypertonic
Enye yezinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu zokugula, cishe u-25% wazo zonke izilonda ze-glomerular. Ukuvimbela ukulimala akusizi ukunquma le glomerulonephritis engapheli - ifomu le-hypertonic ayithinti ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kagesi. Uphawu oluphawulekayo kuphela lwesifo olubhekwa ochwepheshe yi-ukwanda okuqhubekayo emzimbeni wegazi. I-hypertension iyakubonakala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuqhubeka kwe-pathology futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kukhululwe. Inkomba ye-diastolic (ingcindezi ephansi) ingaphezu kwama-95 mm Hg. Art.
I-glomerulonephritis ye-Nephrotic
Lokhu okuhlukile kwesifo kuqhubeka nokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yomtholampilo. Kukhona kokubili i-glomerulonephritis engapheli neyomzimba ene-nephrotic syndrome. Kubonakala nge-puffiness tissue (tisarca) eqinile, izingalo kanye nezicubu ezithambile, ngezinye izikhathi ze-ascites (dropsy). Kulula ukuthi ochwepheshe bahlolisise i-glomerulonephritis echazwe - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuqinisekiswa ngisho nangokwesisekelo sokuhlolwa. Eminye uphenyo emcimbini ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwe-fiber, futhi ekulahlekelweni kwegazi kwe-albinini kutholakala.
Ifomu elixubile le-glomerulonephritis
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luyinhlanganisela ye-hypertonic ne-nephrotic syndrome. I-glomerulonephritis ehlanganisiwe ivela ngezibonakaliso zezici ezimbili zomzimba. Ihamba ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ngakho kuhilela ukwelashwa okunamandla. Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lwezilonda ze-glomeruli yama-renal luvusa kakhulu izinguquko ekwakheni umchamo (proteinuria ne-hematuria).
I-Glomerulonephritis - izimpawu
Umfanekiso wesitholampilo wesifo esibuzwayo uhambelana nemvelo yenkambo kanye nohlobo lwayo, kuhlanganise nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhutrikhi. I-Urine ne-glomerulonephritis ishintsha ukubunjwa kwayo cishe njalo (ngaphandle kwefomu elilindile). Ibonisa amaprotheni namaseli egazi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-glomerulonephritis:
- ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo kwemilenze, izinkophelo nezicubu ezithambile;
- ushintsho emgqeni womchamo, ukubukeka kobuciko kuwo;
- ukucindezeleka komzimba, ikakhulukazi ukucindezelwa kwe-diastolic;
- ascites kwesisu;
- ukwehla komthamo wansuku zonke we-urine owenziwe;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ubuthakathaka;
- isicasuli;
- ubuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar;
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso.
I-Glomerulonephritis - Ukuxilongwa
Okokuqala, ochwepheshe ngokucophelela uhlola isiguli futhi ambuze, ubeka ukuba khona kwezibonakaliso ezithile zesifo. Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kokugcina kudingeka ukuhlolwa - nge-glomerulonephritis kufanele idlule umchamo negazi (i-biochemistry). Ukwengeza, lezi zifundo ezilandelayo zinikezwa:
- i-computer noma i-imaging resonance imaging;
- I-X-ray;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound;
- i-kidney biopsy .
I-Glomerulonephritis - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kokulimaza i-glomeruli kukhethwe kuye ngesimo sesifo nokuqina komkhakha wayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis engapheli ngesikhathi sokuphinda ubuyeke, ukukhubazeka okunamandla noma kwesifo se-subacute kuhlanganisa:
- ukuphumula okuphuthumayo;
- ukuthatha imithi;
- ukuhambisana nokudla;
- I-Hemodialysis (ezimweni eziyingozi kakhulu, esongela ukuphila komuntu).
Glomerulonephritis - ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa
Ukwelapha okuqaphayo kunqunywe ngumchwepheshe oncike emiphumeleni yocwaningo lwezinsimbi kanye nelabhoratri. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini eyabangela i-glomerulonephritis - izimpawu nokwelashwa kwesifo kuhambisana ngokugcwele nezimbangela zayo. Uma i-pathogen ye-inflammation yizinambuzane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotics kunconywa. Kwezinye izimo, i-nephrologist ingase ibeke ama-antiviral noma ama-anthelmintic agents.
Ukwengeza, lezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo zibekwe i-glomerulonephritis:
- hypotensive - Ramipril, Captopril, Cilazapril;
- ama-immunosuppressants (kuhlanganise ne-glucocorticosteroids) - I-Metipred, Solumedrol, i-Methylprednisolone;
- izidakamizwa - i-Brinaldiks, i-Triamuteren, i- Hygroton;
- ama-anticoagulants - iPelentan, i-Heparin, iPhenylin;
- statins - Imuron, Chlorbutin, Cyclophosphamide.
I-Glomerulonephritis - izindlela zomuntu zokwelapha
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngaphandle kwesigaba esibucayi se-pathology. Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis nama-folk amakhambi kusiza ukubhekana nezinye izimpawu zesifo (ukuvuvukala, ukwehlisa inani lomchamo okhishwe ngosuku). Ukupheka kwemvelo akuqedi izimbangela zomonakalo ku-glomeruli yezinso futhi ungayeki izinqubo zokuvuvukala, ngakho zingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha engasiza.
Iqoqo lemifino kusuka ku-glomerulonephritis
Izithako:
- Birch omisiwe amaqabunga - 40-50 g;
- Imbewu ye-Flax - 60-80 g;
- Izimpande ezomile zebhokisi lezinsimu - 45-50 g;
- amanzi - 500 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa:
- Hlanganisa izithako zemvelo engxenyeni yesilazi.
- Thela lonke ingxube ngamanzi abilayo nokumboza.
- Ukuphikelela amahora angu-2.
- Hlunga uketshezi bese uthele embizeni ehlanzekile.
- Thatha indebe yesithathu yomuthi kathathu ngosuku.
I-tea esuka e-edema
Izithako:
- izimbali ze-chamomile yamakhemikhali - 10-15 g;
- utshani bokuqala - 10-20 g;
- amajikijolo namaqabunga e-black currant - 30-35 g;
- amanzi abilayo - 220 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Hlanganisa izithako ezibalwe ku-kettle.
- Thela impahla eluhlaza ngamanzi ashisayo.
- Yimela ikhambi ngaphansi kwesivikelo isigamu sehora.
- Gwema uketshezi.
- Thela ingxenye yesigila seklasi yesisombululo bese usihlanza ngamanzi afudumele.
- Phuza umuthi njengetiyi (ungakwazi ukunambitha) izikhathi ezine ngosuku.
Yidla nge glomerulonephritis
Ukudla okunconywayo (amathebula 7a noma 7b we-Pevzner) kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lwe-pathology. Ukudla okunzima kakhulu kunikezwa uma i-glomerulonephritis ebonakalayo itholakale - ukwelashwa kubonisa ukuvinjelwa okuphawulekayo kasawoti kwimenyu (akukho ngaphezu kuka-2 g ngosuku) nokukhishwa ngokuphelele kwemikhiqizo elandelayo:
- amafutha amaningi enyama, izinkukhu, izinhlanzi;
- okusanhlamvu;
- imifino ebukhali (isithombo, igalikhi, anyanisi, isithombo);
- izinongo;
- iziphuzo ze-carbonated;
- ikhofi eqinile netiye;
- imifino;
- i-broths ecebile.
Inani lamaprotheni ukudla akufanele lidlule amagremu angu-40 ngosuku. Kunconywa ukufaka phakathi kokudla kokulayishwa kwezinsuku:
- sweet (0.5 kg ushukela nge 550-600 ml we teas izithelo noma ijusi);
- ikhabethe;
- amazambane;
- ikhabe;
- compote.
Ngemuva kokuqiniswa kwesimo, ukuyeka ukuvuvukala nokuqeda ukukhukhumeza, itafula le-7b noma le-7 limiselwe i-Pevzner. Lokhu kudla kukhuliswa kancane, ukusetshenziswa kuka-5 amagremu kasawoti ngosuku kuvunyelwe, inani elivunyelwe lamaprotheni namafutha landa. Ngisho nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo esimweni sempilo, kuphakanyiswa ukuqhubeka nokulandela ukudla, ukulahla ukudla okunamafutha, okubabayo, okubhema nokuthosiwe.
Izinkinga ze-glomerulonephritis
Uma kutholakala lesi sifo esiteji esibucayi, siphulukiswa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ezimweni eziningi. Ezimweni ezingavamile i-glomerulonephritis inzima - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kungachazwa ngendlela engafanele noma ukukhubazeka kutholakala ngesimo se-subacute noma esingavamile. Umphumela obunzima kakhulu wesilonda se-glomerular ukuhluleka kwenkunzi. Iqhubekela phambili eminyakeni edlule futhi iholela ekushintsheni izicubu ezijwayelekile zokuxhumana.
Ezinye izinkinga ezivusa i-glomerulonephritis ehlukanisa:
- i-thromboses;
- ukuqina komfutho wegazi oqinile;
- i-anemia;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
- i-eclampsia;
- ukukhubazeka okubukwayo;
- i-intrarebral hemorrhage;
- uremia;
- i-edema yamapulmari.
I-Glomerulonephritis - ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo esibi sesifo, uma ukulawulwa kwenkambo yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesandulela ngculaza, zingaphathwa ngezidakamizwa ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuvimbela i-glomerulonephritis yesimo esingapheli kudinga ukulungiswa kokuphila kanye nokudla okunomsoco ukuze kuvimbele ukuphindaphinda kwenqubo yokuvuvukala:
- Yeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
- Qaphela ukudla ngokuvinjelwa kasawoti kanye namaprotheni ekudleni.
- Njalo ukukala ukucindezelwa kwegazi, thatha umchamo ukuze uhlaziywe.
- Hamba uvakashele isazi sezinkanyezi.
- Yiya ku-sanatorium yephrofayela.
- Gwema ukucoqa okuningi.
- Lawula izinga lomsebenzi womqondo nokusebenza ngokomzimba.
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, phatha izifo futhi ugcine ngokuphelele izimpawu zabo.