Emhlabeni, ngaphezu kwamazwekazi, kunezigaba eziningi zomhlaba ezincane ezizungezwe nxazonke ngamanzi. Zibizwa ngokuthi iziqhingi. Inombolo ngqo yabososayensi iyimfihlakalo, kodwa namuhla kukhona idatha eziqhingini eziyizinkulungwane eziningana.
Iziqhingi zingaba zingashadile futhi zakha amaqembu aphelele, okuthiwa ama-archipelagos. Uma izindawo zomhlaba zivela ngenxa yokushayisana kwamapuleti amabili noma ngaphezulu, litholakala emva kokunye ngethungane elincane, kuthiwa yi-arcs island. Ngokwemvelaphi, iziqhingi ziyizwekazi ne-volcanic. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezixubile - iziqhingi zase-coral (imifula kanye nama-atolls). Kodwa ubukhulu babo buhlukile kakhulu.
Isiqhingi esikhulu
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yisiphi isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni nokuthi yini esibizwa ngayo, kwanele ukubuka i-globe evamile. Ubukhulu besiqhingi bukhulu kangangokuthi uzoyibona ngokushesha - lokhu yiGreenland . Indawo yayo ingamamitha ayizigidi ezingu-2.2 million! I-Greenland yisifundazwe esizimele saseDenmark. Ngenxa yezibonelelo zesiDanishi, abantu baseziqhingini banethuba lokuthola imfundo yamahhala, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Isimo sezulu esiqhingini sinzima kakhulu, ngisho nasenkathini efudumele kakhulu izinga lokushisa elingenayo lidlula ukushisa okungama-10, nakuba kuqubuka kufika kuma-degrees angu-21. Ubuciko obukhulu, obuhlala abantu bendawo, budoba. Ngendlela, inani lesiqhingi ngo-2011 laliyizigidi ezingu-57.6 zabantu.
Abantu bokuqala abazitholela eGreenland eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-4 eyedlule kwakungu-Eskimos ayefuduka esuka ezwekazini laseMelika. Kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amane edlule, iGreenland ivaliwe emhlabeni wangaphandle, futhi izinga lokuphila lapha lishiya kakhulu. Impi yaguqula lesi siqhingi saba yisiphephelo sempi sabaseMelika. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izwe lonke liye lafunda ngokukhona kwesiqhingi. Futhi namhlanje, iGreenland ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ivulekile futhi ifinyeleleke kubavakashi. Lokhu akusizi kahle indawo yayo. Kodwa-ke, usizo lwezithunywa zevangeli lwaseDenmark lunethonya lalo - kancane kancane lesi siqhingi sikhula ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha . Kulo mboni uhulumeni waseGreenland unethemba lokubheka. Kukhona into engayibona ngempela. Imvelo ngokwayo, cishe engasetshenziswanga yimpucuko, inezinto ezikuyo.
Eziqhingini eziphezulu eziyishumi eziphezulu emhlabeni
Eziqhingini eziyi-10 ezinkulu emhlabeni, ngaphandle kweGreenland, ephethe isikhundla somholi, kufaka isiqhingi saseNew Guinea . Naphezu kokuthi indawo yayo iyingcosana kathathu, lesi siqhingi sasiyindawo yesibili yokulinganisa umhlaba. I-New Guinea ihlukaniswe cishe ephakathi kwe-Indonesia nePapua New Guinea. Abaholi abathathu abaphezulu bangesiqhingi saseKalimantan , esendaweni yayo ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-37 kuphela ezincane kunendawo yaseNew Guinea. I-Kalimantan ihlukaniswe phakathi kweBrunei, iMalaysia ne-Indonesia.
Indawo yesine ingokwesifundazwe saseMadagascar . Indawo yayo ingamakhilomitha-skwele angu-578.7. Bese kufika isiqhingi saseCanada seBaffin Island (amakhilomitha angama-507 square) ne-Indonesian Sumatra (amakhilomitha angama-443 amakhilomitha).
Endaweni yesikhombisa yisona isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu - Great Britain . Nazi amalungu amathathu e-United Kingdom of Great Britain naseNyakatho Ireland (eNgilandi, eWales naseScotland). Indawo yalesi siqhingi cishe ingxenye yesiqhingi seziqhingi ezihamba phambili, kodwa futhi iyamangalisa - amakhilomitha angu-229.8 square.
Iziqhingi eziyishumi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yiziqhingi zaseJapan zaseHonshu (amakhilomitha angu-227 000 square), kanye neziqhingi ezimbili zaseCanada - iVictoria (83.8 000km amakhilomitha angama-square) kanye no- Elmsmere (amamitha ayisigidi angu-196,2). km.).