I-Metastasis igxile ekubhekeleni kwezingqamuzana zamangqamuzana angena phakathi kwezicubu zomzimba womuntu kusukela endaweni yokuqala yesifo. Ama-metastase asakazeka emzimbeni we-lymphatic yomzimba abizwa ngokuthi i-lymphatic. Ukudlula izitsha ze-lymphogenous, ngokuvamile ama-metastases agcinwa kuma-lymph nodes.
Ama-metastase ema-lymph nodes entanyeni kanye nomzimba wonke angakhiwa kokubili emagcekeni okuphela komdlavuza, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu isimo sesiguli, futhi naseziqaleni zokuqala. Iningi le-lymphogenous isakaza kakhulu izicubu eziyingozi (isibonelo se- melanoma ).
Kungani ama-metastases asakazeka?
Ama-lymph nodes abizwa ngokuthi yizitho zomzimba zethrifu ye-lymphatic, okuyinto ehambisana nesistimu ye-cardiovascular of man kanye namanye ama-vertebrates. Umsebenzi we-lymphatic system ukugcina umzimba, nokuhlanza noma ukuhlunga izicubu namaseli omzimba womuntu.
Ama-lymph nodes atholakala ngamaqembu kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu futhi isayithi lokukhiqizwa kwe-lymphocyte - amangqamuzana omzimba, okubhubhisa amangqamuzana angaphandle angamazi angena emzimbeni. Ukususwa kwe-tumor kanye nama-metastase ezindaweni zamakhansela zesifunda ngokuvamile kuholela ekupheleni kokusabalalisa kwama-tumor cells. Futhi ukwelashwa okhethwe kahle kuholela ekwelapheni okuphelele kwesifo.
Kunezici ezibangela ukusakazwa kwezidakamizwa:
- ubudala (omdala umuntu, cishe imetastasis);
- izifo ezihambisanayo ( izifo ezingapheli zinciphisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba futhi zithuthukise ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa);
- ubukhulu kanye nendawo yokugxila okuyinhloko kwamangqamuzana omzimba (ukukhudlwana kwe-tumor, cishe kunokwenzeka ukubonakala kwamathambo);
- ukukhula kwe-tumor (ukukhula ebunzini bodonga lomzimba kuyingozi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa ama-metastases uma kuqhathaniswa nezicubu ezikhula esikhanyeni somzimba).
Izimpawu ze-metastases kuma-lymph nodes
Izimpawu ze-metastases emitholampilo yomlomo womlomo wesibeletho, i-superraclavicular, axillary kanye ne-inguinal yilezi:
- ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes kuya kwesayizi esibonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphandle;
- ubuhlungu be-lymph nodes ngesayizi okwandisiwe;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo esikhulu, ngaphandle kokudla;
- ubuthakathaka obuphikelela, ukukhathala;
- i-anemia;
- izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, i-ARI evamile;
- i-neurosis;
- ukukhuliswa kwesibindi.
Ngokuvamile, i-metastases ye-lymphogenous iyatholakala ngaphambi kwe-tumor enkulu ngokwayo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kumadoda eneminyaka engaba ngu-50.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-metastases ye-lymphogenous
I-symptomatology eyodwa ne-lymph node ebonakalayo ekhulisiwe ayanele ngokwanele ukuxilongwa okunembile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokukhethekile emasimini efihlekile, isibonelo, emigqeni yamakamelo omzimba wesisu, noma ama-lymph nodes we-retroperitoneal. Ukulawulwa kwegolide kuzo zonke izifo ze-oncologists yi-diagnostic ephelele yazo zonke izinhlobo zama-lymph nodes phambi kwesisu esiyisisekelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlolwa kwezivivinyo zanamuhla ezifana ne-CT, i-PET, i-MRI, i-ultrasound isetshenziswa.
Izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-metastases kuma-lymph nodes
Ukwelashwa kwamathambo e-lymph nodes ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukususa imithi emikhulu kanye nama-lymph nodes ngesikhathi kususwa isisu noma ngokwehlukana. Indlela ye-radiosurgical isetshenziswa futhi, ngosizo lwe-CyberKnife, evumela ukuthi izicubu ezindaweni ezilukhuni zifinyelele ngokunemba okumangalisayo ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa okungadingekile kwezicubu ezizungezile.
Ngezilonda eziningi, ngamasayizi amancane we-metastase nama-tumor, futhi esikhathini esilandelayo ngemuva kokususwa kwe-tumor ebulalayo, ukwelashwa kwe-radiation kanye ne-chemotherapy kunqunywe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi futhi kuthuthukiswa udokotela ngokwehlukana nesiguli ngasinye.