I-Melanoma iyisisu esinonya esivela emangqamuzaneni akwenza izingulube - i-melanins. Lesi yisisu esiyingozi kakhulu esingatholakala endaweni ye-retina yehlo, izinambuzane ezifayo, kepha kaningi esikhumbeni. Indlela yokuphatha i-melanoma, futhi futhi yiziphi izindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa kwe-melanoma ezisetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuze kube yimanje, sizocubungula.
Ukuxilongwa kokuqala - ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-melanoma
Kuyadabukisa ukuthi, ngokusho kocwaningo, iziguli eziningi ezine-melanoma ziqaphela izimpawu ezisabekayo isikhathi eside (ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu konyaka), kodwa zingayinaki, noma zisuse ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-melanoma ekhaya noma izikhambi zabantu. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nongcweti onolwazi uthola kunzima ukucacisa isigaba sokuqala sokuwohloka okubi kwesibalo sokuzalwa. Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa kudinga i-biopsy ngokuhlolwa kwe-histological.
Izindlela zanamuhla nezingajwayelekile zokutadisha ukwakhiwa kwesikhumba ziyatholakala, ngokusekelwe kwezobuchwepheshe bedijithali kanye nekhompyutheni (i-microscopy epiluminescent, ukuxilonga kwe-fluorescence, ukuskena kwamanye amazwe, njll). Ukubona ukukhiqizwa kwezinqubo, ukutholakala kwemetastase kusetshenziswa i-photoacoustic, i-ultrasound, izifundo ze-tomographic.
Izindlela zokwelapha i-melanoma
Okubangela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-melanoma - kungaziwa kuze kube manje, izimbangela kuphela ezandisa ingozi yesifo. Kodwa-ke, kuyakhuthaza ukuthi ekwelapheni umuthi we-melanoma uye wenza inqubekelaphambili futhi namhlanje kungenzeka ukuphulukisa lesi sifo ngokuphelele, kodwa kuze kube manje ezinyathelweni zokuqala.
Indlela esemqoka yokwelapha i-melanoma ihlinzeka. Ezigaba zokuqala le ndlela ibonakala njengendlela yokwelapha kuphela neyanele. Ama-melanomas amancane angasuswa kanye kuphela, uma engakhuli ku- lymph nodes . Kodwa ngisho nasezimo ezinjalo, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo okudingekayo kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sifo asibuyanga.
Ngezigaba kamuva, lapho isisu sigxilile, sinomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke lapha, ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ezinye izindlela ziyadingeka: i- chemotherapy , i-immunotherapy ne-radiation (radiation) therapy.
- I-Chemotherapy ihlose ukuvimbela izinqubo zamangqamuzana zokwahlukana okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana omzimba.
- I-Immunotherapy isekelwe ekulawulweni kwezidakamizwa zokuvimbela izidakamizwa nokuvimbela izidakamizwa, okungavimbela ukusabalala kwamathambo.
- Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngemisebe ye-ionizing - isetshenziselwa ngezigaba kamuva, nge-metastases ezikude.
Uma kunesilonda esicatshangelwayo se-lymph nodes esiseduze ne-tumor, i-biopsy enye yazo iyenziwa; uma kunqotshwa, susa zonke izitho zamakhansela zendawo.
Ukwelashwa okusha kwe-melanoma phesheya
Ukutholakala kwekhwalithi ephezulu, imishini entsha ivumela ukuthi sithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha ukwelashwa okujwayelekile futhi sungule ezintsha ngokuqhuba ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene. Namuhla, ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha kuthola ukuthandwa, okuvumela ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma nezinye izifo phesheya - e-Israel, eJalimane, e-China, njll.
Phakathi kwezinqubo ezintsha zokwelapha i-melanoma emazweni angaphandle kukhona:
- Ukubhujiswa kwe-Cryo- kanye ne-laser , ukwelashwa kwe-photodynamic (ukususwa kwe-melanoma).
- I-vaccinotherapy yindlela yokugoma ephethe ama-virus angakwazi ukuhlasela amangqamuzana angalungile ngaphandle kokuthinta impilo.
- I-Gene therapy iyindlela ethembisayo kakhulu,
okuhilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ukuvimbela isakhi esiqondene nokuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana abulalayo nokukhula kwesisu.
Izindlela zomphakathi zokwelashwa kwe-melanoma
Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezimweni zesikhungo esikhethekile, akukho zindlela zomuntu kulokhu okusebenzayo. Lokhu ngeke nje kubambezele ukutholakala kosizo lochwepheshe, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinyathelweni zakuqala zesifo, kodwa futhi kukhulisa kakhulu isimo.