I-Chemotherapy en-oncology yindlela yokwelapha yezicubu ezibulalayo zomdlavuza, okuhlose ukubhubhisa noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngosizo lwemithi ekhethekile, i-cytostatics. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza nge-chemotherapy kwenzeka ngendlela ehlelekile ngokwemigomo ethile, ekhethiwe ngokwayo. Ngokuvamile, imithi ye-chemotherapy yezifo ezinama-tumors iqukethe izifundo eziningana zokuthatha inhlanganisela ethile yezidakamizwa ngokuphambana phakathi kwamanani, ukubuyisela izicubu ezonakele zomzimba.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-chemotherapy ezihluke ngenhloso yokuqokwa:
- I-neoadjuvant chemotherapy ye-tumor inqunywe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukuze kunciphise isisu esingasebenzi ngendlela yokuhlinza, kanye nokubona ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza emithini yezidakamizwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukuphathwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- i-adjuvant chemotherapy inqunywe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okwelapha ukuvimbela imetastasis nokunciphisa ingozi yokubuyela emuva.
- I-chemotherapy yokwelapha inqunywe ukunciphisa umdlavuza we-metastatic.
Kuye indawo kanye nohlobo lwe-tumor, i-chemotherapy inqunywe ngokwamacebo ahlukahlukene futhi inezici zayo.
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wesifuba ingenziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenza, okuyinto eyanciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy yesifo somdlavuza webele isinezinkinga zayo, ngoba iqinisa ukwelashwa okwenziwe futhi yenza kube nzima ukucacisa ama-hormone (i-progesterone ne-estrogen), futhi kwenza kube nzima ukucacisa uhlobo lwesisu. Umphumela wesikimu esikhethiwe se-chemotherapy ene-oncology enjalo kakade ibonakala izinyanga ezimbili, okuvumela, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa ukwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, i-chemotherapy kungenzeka ingabi nomphumela oyifunayo, ngakho-ke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-hormone therapy, zingahle zenziwe. Kukhona futhi i-chemotherapy ye-induction yomdlavuza webele, inhloso yokunciphisa ubukhulu be-tumor ngokuhlinzwa.
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wesibeletho, i-ovary nesifuba ingahlanganiswa ne-hormone therapy emathunjini axhomeke ku-hormone, okungukuthi, lapho amahomoni abantu efaka khona ekukhuleni kwesisu somdlavuza.
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu idlala indima ekhethekile, ngoba lesi sifo sitholakele ezimweni eziningi endaweni engasebenzi, ngemva kokuthola imithi ye-lymph nodes. Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokumiswa kwamakhemikhali kungamiswa, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi futhi ikhulise impilo. Indima enkulu ekuqokweni nasekuphumeleleni kokwelashwa idlalwe yisigaba sesifo (isilula esincane noma umdlavuza wamangqamuzana amancane).
I-Chemotherapy yesifo somdlavuza wesibindi isetshenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokwelapha eyengeziwe. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuzwela okuphansi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza wesibindi kuya emithini yemithi yokwelapha.
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wesisu, i-rectum namathumbu ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa ne-radiation therapy, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ezivumela imiphumela engcono. Lapho umdlavuza wesisu usuka, i-chemotherapy ingandisa isikhathi sokusinda cishe isigamu.
I-Chemotherapy en-oncology ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, kokubili okwesikhashana nokude. Iqiniso liwukuthi isenzo sezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy sihlose ukulwa namagciwane omdlavuza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthinta kakhulu umsebenzi obalulekile wamaseli anempilo, futhi badinga ukuxwala umzimba ngokuqinile. Esikhathini ngasinye, ingozi yemiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa iqhathaniswa nomphumela olindelekile, futhi kuphela isinqumo esenziwe ngokukhetha uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy lwe-oncology. Ngokuziphendukela komzimba ezithile emithini ye-chemotherapy, kungase kudingekile ukuyeka ukwelashwa noma ushintshe uhlelo, ngakho-ke kudingeka uzise
Ngenxa yezifundo eziningi emkhakheni wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ukuthuthukiswa kubonakala njalo ngonyaka ukwandisa izinga lokusinda kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kweziguli. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, kwenziwa amalungiselelo aphephile okwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, okwenza ukuba kubhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokuthinta izicubu ezinempilo. Izindlela ezikhona zokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezimweni eziningi zinganciphisa kakhulu izicubu, zivimbele ukuphindaphindiwe kanye nesifo se-metastasis ngemuva kokwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo.