Phakathi kwezifo zenhliziyo ezitholakale, i-aortic stenosis ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu: lokhu kuphazamiseka kugxile kuwo wonke umuntu weshumi weminyaka engama-60 kuya kwengu-65, futhi amadoda ahlupheke kaningi kaningi.
Ngokuvamile, i-stenosis ilulaza i-aortic valve, ngenxa yokuthi, ngesikhathi sokuqhaqha (systole) ye-ventricle engakwesobunxele, ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka kuyo kuya enyukayo ye-aorta kuba nzima nakakhulu.
Izinhlobo nezimbangela ze-aortic stenosis
Kuyinto evamile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kokuzalwa nokuthola eyodwa. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-aorta inamagagasi amabili noma amabili (evamile - amathathu), okubangela ukuvula kwe-aortic ukuba iminyane, futhi i-ventricle kwesokunxele kufanele isebenze ngomthwalo omkhulu.
I-pathology etholakalayo ishukunyiswa izinqubo ze-rheumatic (amacala angama-10%), okuvame ukuhambisana nokungasebenzi noma isifo se-mitral valve. Intsha ithola i-aortic stenosis ngenxa ye- rheumatism .
Izimpawu ze-stenosis ze-valve ye-aortic nazo zingase zivele ngemuva kwesizinda se-endocarditis, lapho ama-valve ehlanganiswa khona futhi abe eqinile, unciphise isibani.
Abantu asebekhulile, ukutholakala kwesifo sengculazi noma ukuchithwa kwe-calcium usawoti (calcinosis) kuvame ukubhekwa emagqabeni e-valve, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-lumen.
Izimpawu ze-aortic stenosis
Ezimweni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo, izibonakaliso ze-stenosis azibonakali kahle, futhi ngokuvamile zibonakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo. Ngisho nangemva kokuxilongwa, izimpawu zingakwenza ulinde iminyaka embalwa.
Isiguli sibhalisiwe nesifo se-cardiologist futhi sigcinwe ngesikhathi sesifo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwehlukaniswa kwe-aortic valve lumen kuholela ekuphefumuleni nasekukhatheni okwandayo, okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-stenosis elinganiselayo ye-valve ye-aortic - indawo ye-lumen iyancipha kuya ku-1.6-1.2 cm2, kuyilapho umuntu onempilo leli nani liyi-2.5-3.5 cm2.
Esigabeni sesibili sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo (i-stenosis evezwe), ubukhulu be-lumen bubonakala bube ngaphezu kuka-0.7-1.2 cm2. Ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, iziguli ezinjalo zikhononda ngesimo sosizi kanye ne-stenocardia (ubuhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum), ukuphelelwa amandla kungenzeka.
Izigaba ezilandelayo ziyi-aortic stenosis ebukhali futhi ebucayi, ekhonjiswe izimpawu ezifana nokuchofoza, isifo se-cardiac asthma ngisho ne-edema ye-pulmonary. I-lumen yehla kuya ku-0.5-0.7 cm2.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-stenosis izalwa, izibonakaliso zayo zivela kuqala eminyakeni eyishumi noma yesithathu yokuphila, futhi ukukhubazeka kukhula ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa kwe-aortic stenosis
Kuze kube manje, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu okuphathelene nokukhubazeka, futhi ezinyathelweni zakuqala nje kuqapha ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.
Kulezi zigaba zokugcina, lapho ukumbalwa kwe-aortic valve lumen kukhulula umuntu ngendlela echazwe ngenhla, umsebenzi wokuguqula i-valve ufanelekile. Kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi, ikakhulukazi kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpawu eziqhubekayo zisongela impilo yesiguli ngisho nangaphezulu - ngesifo esibucayi se-aortic siphila cishe eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyisithupha.
Okunye okunye okumele kwenziwe esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa esikhundleni se-valve kuyinto valvuloplasty ibhaluni. Inqubo ihilela ukungena ku-valve ukuvula ibhaluni elincane elikhethekile, lapho umoya unikezwa khona. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwandise imvume ye-valve, noma kunjalo, i-valvuloplasty ayinengozi encane kunaleyo ye-valve prosthetics evamile.
Indlela yokuphila
Iziguli ezine-aortic stenosis ziphikisana nemithwalo emikhulu. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukukhula ngokumelene nesizinda se-pathology, kunakekelwa ngokwejwayelekile, noma kunjalo, amalungiselelo eqembu lama-vasodilators, njengombuso, awenzi lutho. Kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwe-angina kusiza i-nitroglycerin, okufanele iguguke nayo.