Umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic ne-renal syndrome ubizwa ngokuthi isifo esiwumgogodla we-viral sokwemvelo, esibonakala izimpawu eziningana:
- umkhuhlane;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile;
- ukulimala kwezinso;
- umonakalo okhethekile wemithwalo yegazi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.
Lesi sifo siphinde sabizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane we-Far East, i-Manchurian femorrhagic fever, i-Scandinavian epidemic nephropathy, nephro-nephritis enezinhlungu nokunye okunjalo. Ukufaniswa kwesifo kwakungenxa yokuthi izifundo zokuqala ezivame ukuvumela ukuthi zithole imvelo yayo yemvelo zenziwa eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia ekude kakhulu no-1938-1940.
Izimbangela zesifo
EYurophu, izinambuzane kanye nezilonda zesifo ziyi-vole ebomvu, igundane lensimu, i-vole ebomvu ne-rats. Igciwane lesifo esinomsoco esiphuthumayo lidluliselwa kumagundane kubantu ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumula, okungukuthi, indlela yokuthutha umoya. Indlela yesibili yokudluliswa kwegciwane ukuxhumana nomthwali noma izinto zendawo yangaphandle, isibonelo: utshani, ufulawa, ama-brushwood nokunye okunjalo.
Kukhona futhi ingozi yokuthola umkhuhlane omkhulu lapho udla ukudla okungaphendulwanga, kanye nalabo abaye bahlaselwa nabathwali.
Okubalulekile ukuthi i-virus ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu, ngakho-ke, uma uxhumane nesiguli, akudingekile ukuthi usebenzise i-gauze ukugqoka nezinye izinto zokuvikela, ukwesaba imiphumela emibi ngesimo somkhuhlane omkhulu.
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zesifo somkhuhlane
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa sisebenza ngokujwayelekile kwezinsuku ezingu-21-25, kwezinye izimo zingashintsha izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-46. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwempawu zokuqala zokuvela komkhuhlane wesifo somzimba, isiguli singase sibhekane nokushayeka, ubuthakathaka kanye nezinye izinto ezihamba phambili. Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zokubonakaliswa kwesifo somkhuhlane esigulini kukhona ukushisa okuphezulu
Esikhathini se-febrile, okwenzeka ngemuva kokuqala, izinga lokushisa lomuntu onegciwane alinciphisi, kanti isimo sibhebhetheka. Ngokuvamile, kusukela osukwini lwesibili kuya kweshumi nanye lwesifo sesiguli, ubuhlungu obungezansi emuva buyaphazamiseka. Uma bengalandeli usuku lwesihlanu lwesigaba sokugula, udokotela unesizathu sokungabaza ukuxilongwa. Eziningi emva kokubukeka kobuhlungu, ukuhlanza okuvamile kwenzeka, okuhambisana nokuhlupheka esiswini. Ukuncenga okukhiphayo akuxhomeki ekutheni ukudla okuthathwe noma ezinye izinto, ngakho akunakwenzeka ukuzivimba. Lapho ehlolwa, udokotela angabona isikhumba esomile ebusweni nasentanyeni, ehlangene nokukhukhumeza kwejwabu leso eliphezulu. Zonke lezi zimpawu zigcina ziqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye iziguli, izimpawu ezinzima ze-HFRS zingathuthuka:
- ukukhuphuka kwemithambo yegazi;
- ukubonakala kwe-petechiae;
- i-macrogematurgy;
- ukuphuma kwamathumbu emathunjini;
- ukulimaza endaweni yomjovo;
- ukubola kwesibindi;
- ukuphuma kwegazi .
Izinkinga ezinjalo zingatholakali ngaphezu kuka-15% kulabo abathintekile.
Isibonakaliso esivela kunazo zonke sesifo somzimba esinamandla kakhulu
Phakathi nesikhathi sokulimala komzimba, ukushisa kwesiguli kuvamile, kodwa i-azotemia iyaqala. Isiguli sihlale somile, futhi ukuhlanza akuma. Konke lokhu kuhambisane nokuzithemba, ukuphathwa ikhanda nokuphuza.
Kusukela ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye kuya kulesishiyagalolunye lwesigulo, ukuhlanza kuyama, ikhanda liphinde linyamalale, kepha ubuthakathaka nokuma emlonyeni kuqhubeka. Isiguli asiyeka ukuphazanyiswa yizinhlungu ezingemuva nangemuva kwesisu, ngenxa yokuthi i-appetite ibuya. Kancane kancane ngo-20-25 ngosuku izimpawu ziyancipha, futhi isikhathi sokuqala siqala.