Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngokuphila ngaphandle kokulawula okude, amawashi odonga, ukudlala izinganekwane zezingane, izibani zokukhanya nezinye izinto eziningi ebhethri ibhethri. Futhi naphezu kokuthi ukuthandwa okuqhubekayo kwaqala ukusebenzisa amabhethri avuselelekayo (avuselelekayo), ajwayelekile angayeki ukukhulula, njengoba elula ukuhamba nezindawo lapho kungenakukwazi ukukhokhisa khona. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona isidingo sokwakha amabhethri angasebenza isikhathi eside. Ngakho kwakukhona i-lithium amabhethri.
Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi ibhethri ye-lithium yenziwe kanjani, ibhalwe phansi futhi ingafakwa yini.
Idivayisi yebhethri ye-lithium
Ibhethri ye-lithium iyona mthombo wamandla wamakhemikhali ofanayo njengokasawoti, i- alkaline ne-alkaline, insimbi kuphela esebenzayo, i-lithium, isetshenziselwa esikhundleni se-anode.
Izinzuzo ze-lithium amabhethri zimi kanje:
- uhla olubanzi lwamazinga okushisa engingasebenza kuwo;
- ukuphakama kwamandla;
- impilo ende (kuze kube yiminyaka engu-15);
- isisindo esincane;
- ukuzitholela okuncane.
Kuye ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa i-cathode, i-lithium amabhethri yilezi:
- lithium iron disulphide;
- i-lithium-thionyl chloride;
- i-lithium-fluorocarbon;
- i-lithium-manganese i-dioxide;
- i-lithium-sulfur dioxide;
- i-lithium iodine;
- i-lithium-copper oxide.
Phakathi kwabo, zihluka cishe kuzo zonke izici zokusebenza: imingcele yezimo zokushisa ezisebenzayo, amandla okusebenza nokuqina kwamandla.
Ngenxa yinkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokukhiqiza, amabhethri anjalo ayabiza.
Ukumaketha kwamabhethri e-lithium kuyinto evamile:
- AAA, AA, C, D - ukukhombisa usayizi;
- L - sebenzisa ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali e-lithium;
- R, F - ifomu (cylindrical noma flat);
- izinombolo yi-radius.
Amabhethri e-lithiamu asetshenziselwa kakhulu amawashi, imishini yamakhompiyutha kanye nemithi yezokwelapha, imishini yezithombe, izibalo kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa. Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa, zitholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene: isilinda, amaphilisi, izinkinobho, izikwele, njll.
Amabhethri angakwazi ukuvuselelwa
Uma i-lithium ibhethri engasetshenziswanga ingakabi nokufunwa kakhulu, ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphezulu, bese isetshenziselwa kabusha (amabhethri) - isetshenziselwa cishe yonke imishini kagesi ephathekayo: i-laptops, izingcingo, amakhamera nabanye.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
- i-lithium-ion;
- lithium-polymer.
Njengamabhethri ajwayelekile ajwayelekile, amangqamuzana ebhethri nawo asebenza kahle, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-electrolyte yetshezi, aphephile ngokwemvelo futhi anganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kodwa banomthelela kakhulu ekuvuseleleni futhi ngokukhululeka, ngakho-ke kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nokukhokhiswa nokukhishwa kwe-limiter kudivayisi yokushaja. Amabhethri e-lithiamu-polymer athuthukiswa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, asebenzisa i-gel electrolyte. Kodwa azikakulungeli ukusetshenziswa, ngoba ibhethri enjalo ye-lithium idinga ukukhokhiswa ngeshaja ekhethekile.
Njengamabhethri e-alkaline nosawoti, kukhona imithetho yokusebenza kanye ne-lithium, kuphela ukungahambisani nale mithetho kungaholela emiphumeleni embi kakhulu (umlilo, ukuqhuma).
Uma usebenzisa amabhethri avuselelekayo e-lithium, landela izincomo:
- sigcine esimweni esithengisiwe endaweni epholile;
- qaphela ibanga lokushisa lokusebenza;
- Gwema ukukhishwa okugcwele njalo;
- Gwema ukuvezwa komlilo, umjikelezo omfushane phakathi koxhumana nabo, noma yimuphi umonakalo ezindlini nasezindlini ezingenayo amanzi ngaphakathi;
- Ungasebenzisi amashaja angenzelwe loluhlobo lwebhethri.
Ngemuva kokuba ibhethri isisebenzise isikhathi sayo, akukhuthazwa ukuba uyilahle nayo yonke imfucuza yokudla, kodwa kufanele ihanjiswe kumaphuzu akhethekile yokwamukela amabhethri asetshenziselwe ukulahlwa okunye ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo.