I-Astana iyinhloko-dolobha yaseKazakhstan, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule ayebukeka njengedolobha elivamile lamaSoviet, futhi namuhla izakhamuzi ezithambile ezinezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, amahhotela anamuhla azithambile, izindawo zokudlela ezifashini, izindawo ezibanzi kanye nama-embankments amahle. Idolobha, elisenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe, lathola isimo senhloko kuphela ngo-1997. Umbono wokuthi akukho okunye ongakubona e-Astana, ngoba ubumpofu (futhi ngokujwayelekile) ubuphofu ezweni (ngokujwayelekile) kuyiphutha. Futhi sizokufakazela lokho.
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Ukuvakasha kumlando
Insimu inhloko-dolobha ehlala kuyo namuhla yayikhiwe ku-Age Bronze. Lokhu kuboniswa ukutholakala kwabavubukuli. I-Astana ngokwayo yasungulwa ngo-1830. Kukholelwa ukuthi leli phoyisa laseCossack, elisekelwe yi-Battle of Borodino, uFedor Shubin, lavunyelwa ukugwema ukunqoba la mazwe ngamaKokand. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iposi liphenduke idolobha elabizwa ngokuthi i-Akmola. Igama laphinde lashintshwa ngo-1961 - U-Akmolinsk wabizwa kabusha eTselinograd. Futhi ngo-1998 kuphela, lapho idolobha linikezwa isimo senhloko-dolobha, libuyisa igama layo - i-Astana.
Idolobha lekusasa
Naphezu komlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane, i-Astana iye yalondoloza izinto ze-epochs-izikhathi ze-USSR nezanamuhla. Uma abathandi bama-antiquities bengekho ukuze "bazuze", bese kuba abalandeli besitayela sekusasa ukuthi uhambo oluya e-Astana luyokhunjulwa isikhathi eside. Ukubukeka okuphela kwesibonakaliso somuzi - umbhoshongo othi "Baiterek"! "I-Poplar" (ehunyushwe kanjalo igama lesakhiwo), eliphakeme ngamamitha angu-150, lifanekisela i-Astana, eqhubeka njalo. Phezulu kweBaiterek ihlotshiswe ibhola elikhulu. Itshintsha umbala kuye ngokuthi ukukhanya. Ehholo le-panoramic ungabona i-globe enkulu eduze nokuthi yikuphi "Umshini Wokufuna". Emanzini amane okujula, phansi kwembhoshongo kuhamba. Kukhona amathilomu amaningi, i-aquarium negalari.
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Esinye isimangaliso samanje esakhiwe e-Astana yiSigodlo Sokuthula Nokuvumelana, esakhiwe ngokusho komsebenzi wokuqala kaNorman Foster ngesimo sepiramidi enkulu. Isihloko sawo sihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yamajuba. Lezi zinyoni zifanekisela abantu abahlala eKazakhstan. Namuhla esigodlweni kukhona amahholo okubukisa, imidwebo, ihholo elikhulu lekhonsathini. Eseduze esakhiweni yiNdlu Yobunjiniyela kanye neNdlu Yokuzimela. Kulezi zakhiwo, imihlangano yamakhanda ombuso nezinye izenzakalo ezisemthethweni zenziwa.
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Kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2012, ukwakhiwa kwe-mosque "uHazret Sultan" kuqhutshelwa e-Astana, okuyinto namuhla enkulu kakhulu hhayi kuphela eKazakhstan, kodwa kulo lonke elase-Asia Ephakathi. Isitayela se-classic yamaSulumane esimangalisa ngokumangalisayo sihambisana nezindlovu zaseKazakh. Kodwa eminyakeni emine ngaphambi kwalokho e-Astana umongo omkhulu kunawo wonke kwakuyi-mosque "Nur Astana" enezinduna ezine zamamitha angu-62 kanye nedome elingamamitha angu-43. Zombili lezi zakhiwo, ngokungangabazeki, ziyizinto ezivelele.
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Ukuphila kwamasiko enhloko-dolobha kukhula namuhla. Eminyuziyamu eminingi yase-Astana ungahlala ubona izivakashi, hhayi izivakashi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abanobantfu abanentshisekelo kwezobuciko nomlando. Izikhungo ezidume kakhulu e-Astana yiMyuziyamu Yezobuciko Zanamuhla, Seifullin ehlongoziwe, iMyuziyamu yoMongameli Wokuqala we-RK, i-ethno-memorial complex. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, iNational Museum yoMlando weKazakhstan izovulwa e-Astana.
Izikhungo ezijabulisayo, ukukhangiswa kwe-cinema, i-aquarium, amapaki e-aqua, iskisi, amabhaja ase-oriental, i-theaters - inhloko-dolobha yaseKazakhstan ngeke ikukhathaze! Futhi akukho msebenzi wokuya e-Astana - kunezindiza zezindiza zomhlaba wonke, kanye nenkonzo yesitimela, kanye nomgwaqo wemigwaqo emibili yomhlaba jikelele.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iKazakhstan lizwe lokungena kwe-visa-free eRussia.