Izifo eziningi, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, isikhathi eside azinikezi izimpawu. Phakathi kwalezi zifo futhi ezifihliwe yi-sickle disease, iziguli ezifunda ngazo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngengozi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngezibonakaliso ezithile.
I-Syphilis iyinhlangano ye-causative
I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-treponema ephaphathekile. I-microorganism ibhekisela ku-spirochetes, ibukeka njengebhaktheriya enomoya ovunguza ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunezinsuku ezingu-8-14 ezishintsha kwisakhiwo, kanti ubude obuphelele abudluli u-14 μm. Ngokugeleza okusheshayo kwesifo esinjalo njenge-syphilis, i-agent causative yokutheleleka isesimweni esingaqediwe isikhathi eside, sakha ama-cysts, amafomu e-L.
Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwe-treponema kuyakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ema-lymph nodes esifundeni, uketshezi oluthile lwe-cerebrospinal lomuntu onegciwane. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandekayo kwi-pathogen (isifo esithathelisiwe, izifo ezingapheliyo), ukusebenza kwe-treponem kwenzeka futhi isigaba esisebenzayo se- syphilis siba nesithombe esitholakala emtholampilo nesifo se-symptomatology.
I-Syphilis - imizila yokudlulisela
Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka, wonke umuntu kufanele acabange ukuthi i-treponema ephaphathekile idluliselwa kanjani. Indlela eyinhloko ubulili, ngokulala ngokocansi okungavimbelwe. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ngokuphelele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukudlulisa i-pathogen ngokusho komndeni, uma usebenzisa izinto zokuhlanzeka zodwa noma nge-cutlery. Ukungena kwe-pathogen kwenzeka nge-membrane emangcwabeni, lapho kukhona khona ama-microcurrents, amaqhekeko. Phakathi kwezindlela ezingavamile zokutheleleka, ama-venereologists abizwa ngokuthi:
- ukumpontshelwa igazi (ukumpontshelwa kwegazi elincwelisiwe kanye nezingxenye kwisiguli);
- okuhamba phambili (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha, kusukela kumama kuya komntwana).
Yini i-syphilis esedlule?
Ezwa leli gama, iziguli zivame ukuba nesithakazelo odokotela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona isifo sofuba esifihliwe nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo. Incazelo ye "syphilis yangasese" isetshenziselwa ukuchaza uhlobo lwesifo lapho izibonakaliso zemitholampilo, izibonakaliso nezibonakaliso zesifo zingekho, kodwa imiphumela yezinhlolo zebholabhuthi ibonisa ukuba khona kwe-agent emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile izinguquko egazini zibonakala ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ngokushesha kusukela kulokhu kuqala isikhathi sokubala sokuhamba kwesikhathi sokugcina kwesilwane.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukutholakala kwe-pathology kwenzeka ngengozi, lapho kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa, okuyimfuneko yokuhlolwa kokuvimbela (igazi ku-RW). Abesifazane bangacatshangwa ngesifo yi-gynecologist ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokusemthethweni, ifomu elilindelekile le-syphilis litholakala lapho kutholakala izinguquko ezithombeni zangaphakathi (inhliziyo, isibindi, i-thyroid, isisculoskeletal system).
Ingabe i-syphilis elandelwayo igciwane?
Abaningi bakhombisa ngokuphutha ukuthi ukungabikho kwezibonakaliso zezifo kuyisici esiyinhloko sempilo ephelele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuphakama umbuzo ovamile: isifo sofuba esivele siphumelelisiwe? I-Venereologists ithi ukutheleleka ngaloluhlobo lwe-syphilis kungenzeka. Nokho, ukudluliswa kwe-pathogen kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili kuphela:
- enegazi elinesifo;
- kokuxhumana kocansi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu kakhulu eminyakeni emibili yokuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Uma uhlola ngalesi sikhathi, umlingani wezocansi zesifo, odokotela bakeluleka ukuba ubaleke ubulili futhi uhlole ngokubanzi. Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokuqaliswa kokwelashwa okwesikhashana kubangela umphumela ophumelelayo.
I-syphilis yakudala efihlekile
Igama elithi "isifo sokuswela isifo sokuqala" libhekisela esikhathini sesifo, esivumelana nesikhathi esivela ekuthelelekeni okuyisisekelo kuya kwesiphilisi sesibili esivamile. Odokotela bakhuluma nge-syphilis zakudala, lapho sekuphele iminyaka emibili kusukela ukutheleleka. Iziguli kulesi sigaba azikho izibonakaliso zesifo, kodwa zimelela ingozi engenzeka emkhakheni wezifo.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, uhlobo lokugcina lwesifo se-syphilis lungangena esigabeni esisebenzayo, esibonakala sengathi i-skin rashes nezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile zokudakwa. Ezingxenyeni ze-rash iqukethe inombolo enkulu ye-treponem ephukile, ukukhethwa kwayo okungabangela ukutheleleka kwalabo abaxhumana nabantu abanesifo. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi isifo sokulwa nesifo sofuba esifushane esivamile sivame kakhulu kwiziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, okuholela ekuphileni kobulili obuphambene nokuziphatha kabi.
I-syphilis esalandela ngemva kwesikhathi
I-syphilis esiseduze efomini elilindelekile lirekhodiwe emva kwezinyanga ezingu-24 nokuningi ngemva kokutheleleka. Uma lesi sifo sidlulela esigabeni esisebenzayo, izimpawu kanye nomtholampilo we-high school syphilis ziyabonakala. Ngalolu fomu, izitho zangaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa (neurosyphilis) ihlale ihlupheka. Ezingxenyeni zesikhumba, kungase kube nesifo samaphilisi esibi kakhulu, ama-tubercles, izinsini. Uma ubuqotho babo behlehlisiwe, kungenzeka ukubahlukanise ama-treponemes aphukile, ukutheleleka kwabanye abathintana nesiguli.
I-syphilis yokuzalwa efihliwe
I-syphilis ebusweni ezinganeni ngokuvamile ayitholakali. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kumama ogulayo. Kulokhu, lo wesifazane ngokwakhe angagula ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha ingane. Ku-fetus, i-pathogen ingena emgodleni noma nge-fissures ye-lymphatic. Izinguquko ezincane ezithombeni nasezingxenyeni zezingane ezizayo zingabhaliswe ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6 zokubeletha, ngesikhathi se-ultrasound.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ifomu elifihliwe liyaziwa ekuqaleni kwasebuntwaneni. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ukutholakala kwempilo kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa izifundo ze-serological, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo (uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal fluid). Ngokuvamile isibonakaliso sokuhlolwa okuphelele kwengane ukutholakala kwesenzo esihle se- Wasserman kumama ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
I-syphilis engaziwa efihliwe
Ukuxilongwa "kwe-syphilis engacacisiwe" kwenziwa uma isiguli singenalo ulwazi ngesikhathi esifanele sokutheleleka. Odokotela futhi bakuthola kunzima ukucacisa ubude besifo. Iziguli zinikezwa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinhlelo ze-serological, lapho izimo zokuziphatha ze-treponema zenza izicabangela mayelana nohlobo lwesifo. I-syphilis engacacisiwe ekugejuleni okusheshayo ingahlinzeka ngokuphendula okungamanga okungokoqobo kwe-serological, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuxilongwa kokugcina.
I-syphilis efihlekile - izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-syphilis esalandela isikhathi eside azenzile. Ezingxenyeni ze-mucous kanye nesikhumba sezilonda, iziqhumane azitholakali, noma kunjalo, izinguquko zingabhalwa ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, isimiso sezinzwa, isimiso se-musculoskeletal. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso ezingaqondile zefomu lokuqala lalabo abashayeli be-syphilis abalandelayo bayabiza:
- Ubukhona ku-anamnesis ukuqhuma, okwakungenakwenzeka ukuxilonga ngaphambili.
- Ukwelashwa kwama-STI, i- gonorrhea ngaphambili.
- Ukutholakala kohlobo olusebenzayo lwe-syphilis kumlingani wezocansi.
- Ukusabela okuvuvukala ekuhloliseni uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.
Kwamukelwa futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibonakaliso engaqondile ebonisa isiteji sekwephuzile:
- Izinguquko ezishintshashintshayo ku-fluor main fluor;
- umphumela omuhle wokuphendula kwe-serological.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zenzakalo ezilandelayo zingabonisa ukuphikisana:
- ukukhuphuka isikhathi eside ekushiseni komzimba kuya kuma-degrees angu-38 engozini engaziwayo;
- ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes we-périphher (akukho ukukhathazeka);
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele, imizwa ecindezelekile.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-syphilis eseduze
Indlela yokukhomba i-syphilis efihlekile esimweni esithile - odokotela banquma kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokusola, izimpawu ezingavamile. Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa okuphelele kwemiphumela yocwaningo. Phakathi kwezinqubo eziyinhloko zokuxilonga kukhona:
- Ukusabela okungaqondile ngqo kwe-hemagglutination (RPHA) - amangqamuzana egazi obomvu alungiselelwe ahlanganiswe neserafu sesiguli. Uma umphumela uhle, amangqamuzana abambe ndawonye.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Immunoenzyme (i-ELISA) - i-enzyme ekhethekile yengezwe kwisampula yesiguli sesiguli, eshintsha umbala ngomphumela omuhle.
- I-RIF (ukusabela kwe-immunofluorescence reaction) - i-luminescence ephawulekayo ikhona kwisampuli yesiguli se-biomaterial.
Indlela yokuphatha i-syphilis efihlekile?
Ngokuphathwa kwe-syphilis eseduze, umgomo oyinhloko ukuqeda imbangela yalesi sifo. Ukususa imiphumela (ukukhubazeka kwamathambo, isimiso sezinzwa, umonakalo wenhliziyo) kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi ezinye zazo azisekho ezingenakukwazi ukulungiswa. Ukwelashwa kwe-syphilis esedlule isikhathi eside kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotics, akhethwe ngokucabangela isigaba se-pathology. Ngenhla kukhona itafula elibonisa uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-syphilis esele yamuva, enegama lemithi kanye nemithi. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi zonke izikhundla zenziwa kuphela udokotela.