Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi nge- Immunoenzyme - isifundo okufanele sithole ukubunjwa okulinganiselwe nokwenelisa ama-antigens kanye nama-antibodies. I-ELISA iyindlela esetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo zezokwelashwa, kodwa kanengi ihlola izifo ezithathelwanayo, isibonelo, i- HIV , isifo sofuba, isifo se-hepatitis, i-herpes nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
Isimiso sokwenza i-enzyme immunoassay
Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi nge-TB ngesifo sofuba, ukungezwani komzimba noma ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa kwenziwa, ngoba nguye oqeda ukugula okuphelele, kanye nesimo se-hormonal yesiguli. Le ndlela inika ngokunemba okungu-90%.
Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba, uma singenwe i-antigen yangaphandle, sakhila amaprotheni athize okuthiwa ama-antibodies okubulala lesi sifo. Ama-antibodies, njengokungathi, ahlanganisa ama-antigens, ngaleyo ndlela enza ama-antigen-antibody complexes complexes. Ukuchazwa okuningiliziwe kokuhlaziywa kwe-immune-enzyme yegazi kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Isibonelo, ezimweni lapho kudingekile ukuhlonza igciwane elilodwa egazini (noma, ukuze liqonde ngokuqondile, i-antigen yalo), i-antibody eqondene negciwane ifakwe kuyo.
Incazelo yokuhlaziya imiphumela
Imiphumela ye-enzyme immunoassay ibonise ukuba khona kwe-immunoglobulin G? Lokhu kuyinto evamile, ngoba isibonakaliso esinjalo sisho ukuthi i-agent causative yesifo ngempela yayisemzimbeni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-antibodies ayenziwe kakade futhi isiguli asidingi ukwelashwa.
Esimweni lapho ukutheleleka kubalulekile, futhi egazini likagciwane ngemuva kwe-enzyme immunoassay yokungalingani noma ezinye izifo, i-immunoglobulins yeklasi M iyatholakala, izinyathelo zokwelapha kufanele zenzeke ngempela. Kodwa uma imiphumela yalesi sifo siqinisekisile ukuba khona kwama-antibodies emakilasi M no-G, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sesivele sisezinyathelweni ezinzima futhi isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
Izinzuzo ze-enzyme immunoassay
Izinzuzo ze-enzyme immunoassay yezinambuzane, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, izidumbu ze-venereal nezifo eziphilayo kanye nezinye izifo ukuthi yile ndlela yokuxilonga:
- uzokhombisa imiphumela eqondile ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo;
- uzobona ngisho namakilasi e-immunoglobulins;
- uzobonisa izinyathelo zomshuwalense osulelekayo;
- unikeza impendulo esheshayo;
- Kulula kakhulu ukudlula;
- kuyabiza kakhulu.
Okuwukuphela kokuphazamiseka kwalokhu kuhlaziywa ukuthi kwezinye izimo i-ELISA ikhiqiza imiphumela engamanga noma engamanga. Yingakho ukucaciswa kwemiphumela kufanele kuthathwe kuphela ngososayensi oqeqeshiwe kakhulu.