Ukuxilongwa kwe-laboratory yokutheleleka nge-HIV kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana futhi kubalulekile ekuxilongweni. Iqukethe ukutholakala kwamagciwane okulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculazi egazini ngendlela ye-enzyme immunoassay ngokuqinisekiswa okulandelayo kwemiphumela ngendlela yokuzivikela. Ukuhlola okunjalo okunzulu kwe-HIV kuvumela ukutholakala kwesifo ngempumelelo ye 99%.
Ukuthembeka kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV
Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kungase kube amanga ngesikhathi "iwindi le-serological". Lo mqondo ubonisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwe-serological (okwenziwe ukuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo) emasontweni okuqala ngemva kokutheleleka akukwazi ukuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo nge-HIV nge-ELISA ngenxa yokungabi khona kwabo noma ukugxila okuphansi. Futhi, ukuthembeka kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kungabazwa futhi kuyencishiswe kuze kube yizikhathi lapho kutholakala izingane ezizalwa kumama abathintekayo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-HIV lungcono kangcono ngonyaka, noma ngaphezulu.
Okunye okungahle kwenzeke ekuxilongweni kwe-serological ukuhlaziywa okungamanga kwe-HIV, ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile, ukuhlolwa okuqondile kuyadingeka - IB.
Ukuhlola i-HIV
I-virus immunodeficiency virus iyisifo esingelapheki, ngakho-ke uma unezibonakaliso, kufanele uthathe uhlolo oluvakalayo lwe-HIV. Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa luzosiza:
- ukusungula iqiniso lekutheleleka;
- thola isigaba sesifo;
- ukhethe ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Uma ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kulungile, umuntu olelekile uzophathwa, imisebenzi eyinhloko ehlose ukunciphisa inkinga yesifo, ukukhulisa impilo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo, nokugcina isimo esihle. Uma kunesidingo salunye i-laboratory eyenza izifundo ezifanayo, ukuhlolwa okungaziwa nge-HIV kunganikezwa.
Ama-antibodies e-HIV avela ezinyangeni ezintathu emva kokutheleleka kuphela ngo-90-95% wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngakho-ke uma ngalesi sikhathi uhlolo lwe-HIV lungalungile, udinga ukuluphinda ezinyangeni ezingu-3-6 futhi uqede ngokuphelele amathuba okutheleleka. Isivivinyo sesibili segciwane lesandulela ngculazi kufanele senziwe ngisho noma usuku lokutheleleka okungenzeka lube ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu ezedlule, njengoba imiphumela yokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwelabhrikhi iphathwa kuphela njengokungabikho kwamagciwane okulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngalesi sikhathi ngesikhathi. Ukwengeza, akuyona nje inkathi yokufaka incubation kungabangela ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi elihle, kodwa futhi nezifo ezibulalayo, ukuguqulwa komnkantsha wamathambo noma ukumpontshelwa igazi.
Ukuze uthathe uvivinyo, ungadli okungenani amahora angu-8, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kusihlwa kungcono ukuthi ungadli isidlo sakusihlwa futhi ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho ukuze unikele ngegazi emzimbeni. Ezinsukwini ezimbili nje uzokwazi ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo. Ukuhlola i-HIV kungathathwa kunoma yisiphi isibhedlela.
Ukuthola i-HIV
Ukulethwa kwezivivinyo ze-HIV kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa lesi sifo. Ukuze uhlole ukuqina kwesifo udinga ukunquma ukuhlushwa kwegciwane emzimbeni. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthola ngokuqondile ukutheleleka yi-PCR-polymerase chain reaction.
- ukutholakala kwegciwane le-RNA / DNA kunganciphisa isikhathi se "window window" cishe kwezinsuku ezingu-11;
- ithuba lokubonisa i-HIV ngisho nasezinganeni ezithwele omama abathintekayo;
- izindleko eziphansi zokuhlolwa kwe-PCR.
Indlela ye-PCR yayisiyisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokucacisa imiphumela ye-IB, engabazazayo, futhi esikhathini esizayo ingase isuse ngokuphelele indlela ebiza kakhulu ye-IS.