Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya umzimba kubonisa ushintsho olunzulu lwezifo ezithombeni zangaphakathi. Umdlavuza we-gastric oyingozi ungenye yezifo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuxilongwa okusheshayo nokuthuthuka okusheshayo, kunamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okufa kwabantu.
Umdlavuza wesisu - izinhlobo
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlukanisa lesi sifo esibucayi. Kuye ngezici ze-histological ze-oncology zesisu zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomdlavuza:
- i-glandular (i-tubular, i-papillary, i-adenocarcinoma yama-mucinous);
- i-ring-celled;
- encane encane;
- i-squamous cell;
- i-glandular-squamous;
- ukungasebenzi.
Ngokusho kohlobo lokukhula, umdlavuza wesisu uhlukaniswa ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- i-polypoid;
- i-ulcerative;
- i-diffuser-infiltrative;
- ingxenye yesilonda.
Ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zomuncwabe ezizungezile, izicubu ezimbi zesisu zingase zibe:
- emathunjini;
- diffuse;
- kuxutshwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza (TNM) okwejwayelekile kuhilela ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo ngokuya ngezici ezintathu:
- Isiteji (T). Ubukhulu bunganiselwa ku-0 kuya ku-4.
- Ubukhona be-metastases kuma-lymph nodes (N). Uma engekho, inani le-0 lihlelwe, isibonakaliso esiphezulu siyi-3.
- Ukutheleleka nge-metastase yezicubu ezikude nezitho (M). 0 - uma kunjalo, 1 - uma engekho.
Umdlavuza wesisu - izimbangela
Ukusekela kahle ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana athile enza ushintsho futhi abe yingozi kuze kuphumelele. Izimbangela zokuphela kuphela eziyaziwa lapho isisu esiswini senziwa khona kaningi:
- ukubhema;
- izici zemvelo;
- ukungabi khona kwe- ascorbic acid kwimenyu;
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- umdlavuza wesisu osondelene naye;
- ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo;
- uhlobo lomsoco;
- ukutheleleka ngama-microorganisms Helicobacter pylori ;
- imisebenzi yangaphambilini esiswini;
- reflux ye-duodenal-esiswini ;
- i-peptic ulcer;
- ezinye izicubu eziphilayo ezindaweni ezikude;
- ama-polyps we-membrane.
Umdlavuza wesisu - izimpawu
Izimpawu zesifo esichazwayo zixhomeke kulohlobo lwazo, ukuhlelwa kwezinqubo ze-pathological, ubuqili babo. Isithombe sesitholampilo sifana nesiteji somdlavuza wesisu, isikhathi eside isifo siphuthuka, izimpawu zayo ziyaqhubeka. Ezikhathini zokuqala zentuthuko kunzima ukusola ukuthi kukhona i-tumor ebulalayo, ngakho-ke ukugula okwethulwa kuvame ukutholakala kube yizinga elibi.
I-Cancer yesisu - 1 isigaba
Lapho kuqala ukuqhubekela phambili, isisu esibi asivangeli ukubonakaliswa okuqondile. Ngenxa yobuningi babo noma ukungabi khona kwabo konke, kunzima ukubona umdlavuza wokuqala wesisu - izimpawu, izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-pathology azihlotshaniswa ne-oncology. Zifana ne-gastritis noma isilonda, ngokuvamile zibonakala njengento yesikhashana ebangelwa ukudla ngokweqile noma ukungalungi ekudleni.
Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wesisu ekuqaleni:
- ukungakhululeki esiswini;
- ukuqhutshwa;
- flatulence;
- ukuzwa ukugcwala kwesisu;
- ukuvuthwa ngezikhathi esikhathini esiswini ;
- shintsha ngokuncamelayo kokuncintisana.
Umdlavuza wesisu - isigaba 2
Njengoba lesi sifo siphuthuma, isithombe saso somtholampilo siyaqhubeka, kodwa esigabeni samanje sokuqhubekela phambili sisalokhu singacacile. Umdlavuza wesibeletho wobunzima obunzima utholakala ngokuyinhloko ngengozi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuhlolwa njalo izitho zokugaya noma emva kokuxhumana nodokotela we-gastroenterologist ngokusola ngesilonda se-peptic.
Izimpawu ezikhona zomdlavuza wesisu wesigaba sesibili:
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
- i-anemia ;
- ubuthakathaka obungabonakali nokukhathala okuqhubekayo;
- ukuphikisana nemikhiqizo ethile;
- isisindo somzimba esinciphile;
- ukuzwa okungathandeki esiswini;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesifo.
Umdlavuza wesisu - isigaba 3
Ngokweqile okujwayelekile kwe-pathology yemvelo, kunezibonakaliso ezicacile ezikhuthaza umuntu ukuba axoxe nesifo se-gastroenterologist. Umdlavuza we-gastric - izimpawu kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-tumor ngezigaba ezintathu zentuthuko:
- kunzima ukugwinya ukudla nokuphuza;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile;
- ukuhlanza;
- ubuhlungu esiswini, singanikeza emuva;
- ivolumu yesisu esiswini;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- izinkinga zesitoreji;
- i-nausea evamile;
- ukwakheka okunamandla okuqinile endaweni yesigodi se-solar;
- ukusebenza okuphansi.
Umdlavuza wesisu - Isigaba 4
Esigabeni sokugcina sokuqhubekela phambili, isithombe sesitholampilo sibonakala ngemuva kwezinqubo zokuqhekeka kwe-mucosal nokukhula kweziqhumane ezilonda. I-oncology yesisu - izimpawu nezibonakaliso zesifo esigabeni 4:
- hlala isithunzi sombala omnyama;
- ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe nokungcola kwegazi, ngezinye izikhathi izixuku zifana nezizathu zekhofi;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ukuzondwa komzimba, kuze kube yilahlekelwa ukuqonda;
- ubuthakathaka obuqinile.
Ngokuvamile i-oncology eyinkimbinkimbi yesisu iyatholakala - izimpawu zisekelwa izilonda zezitho nama-tissue, lapho i-metastases ye-tumor ihlume khona. Ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kuhlanganisa:
- ubuhlungu emathunjini, isisu senyongo, izinso;
- ubunzima bokuphefumula;
- ukungakwazi ukugwinya amanzi noma ukudla;
- ukunganaki enhliziyweni;
- ukuphuma kwangaphakathi .
Indlela yokuhlola isisu nge-oncology?
Ukutholwa kwesisu kuzinyathelo zokuqala kungavamile kakhulu, ngoba abantu abavami ukuya esibhedlela ukuhlolwa okuvimbela. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu zingekho noma zingekho, ngakho-ke zivame ukungazinaki. Indlela enokwethenjelwa yokuxilongwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezitholwa yi-gastroscopy, ehlinzeka ngeso lengqondo le-membrane emangcwabeni kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izicubu ze-biopsy zikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase abeke izifundo ezilandelayo:
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe;
- i-radiography ngokusungulwa kwe-medium medium;
- ukuhlaziywa kwabaqaphi;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu
Ukwelashwa kwesi sifo esibuzwayo kuncike esiteji saso kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu. Indlela eyinhloko yokusebenza yokwelapha eyinhloko kuphela futhi ephumelelayo, okubandakanya ukususwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwegciwane elimele. Uma i-metastases emdlavuza wesisu ihluma ibe yi-lymph nodes esiseduze, nayo iyakwazi ukucabangela. Izindlela ezingekho zokuhlinzwa zethonya zisetshenziswe ngaphambi nangemva kokuphathwa okuhlinzekwa ukusiza ukukhipha isisu nokubhujiswa kwamaseli ase-pathological asele.
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wesisu
Ikhetho elichazwe ukwelashwa likhona ezinhlotsheni ezimbili:
- I-Neoadjuvant. I-Chemotherapy yenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhulu besilonda futhi kube lula ukuzikhethela kwayo.
- I-Adjuvant. Lezi zidakamizwa zenziwa emva kokuhlinzwa ukuze umdlavuza wesisu ungabuyiselwa kabusha, futhi amaseli asele aguqulwa abhujiswa.
I-chemotherapy ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-radiotherapy, efana nalokho okwenziwa ngosuku olulandelayo nangemva kokusebenza. Uma ukuthengiswa kwamaphilisi okwenziwa nge-palliative kwenziwa nge-oncology, ukwethulwa kwemithi ekhethekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebe ye-ionizing ukusiza impilo yesiguli. Le ndlela isisiza ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukuthuthukisa ukugaya, nokulondoloza impilo yomuntu.
Umdlavuza wesisu - ukusebenza
Kunezinketho ezimbili zokungenelela kokuhlinzwa ukuze uphathe lesi sifo. Ukuhlinzwa okwelapha umdlavuza wesisu:
- Ukumiswa. Ukususwa kwengxenye ebalulekile yelungu elithintekayo isisu esibi. Ukungenelela okunjalo okuphambene nakho kuphazamisekile, kulandelelana futhi kufinyeleleke, ngokuya endaweni yesisu lapho umdlavuza uqhubeka khona.
- I-Gastrectomy. Ukususwa kwegciwane lonke. Lolu hlobo lokuxhaphaza okusebenzayo luboniswa ezinkathini ezisheshayo zokuqhubeka komdlavuza. Uma izidakamizwa zikhona, izitho ezithintekayo - izilonda zesikhumba, ama-ovaries, i-spleen, isibindi (ingxenye) nezinye zihlelwe ngokufana.
Yidla nge-oncology yesisu
Ukudla ngokuhlelekile okuhlelekile kunomthelela ekuqaliseni izinqubo zokugaya nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle. Ngisho noma umdlavuza wesisu oqhutshwayo uqhubeka, kubalulekile ukunamathela kwimenyu ekhulisayo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamathambo nokukhula komzimba, kukhulise impilo kancane.
Ukudla okunomdlavuza nge-oncology kwesisu kungabandakanyi:
- utshwala;
- ukudla okuthosiwe namafutha;
- ukudla okunomusa;
- ukudla okusemathinini;
- izimoto zemikhumbi;
- izinongo;
- amakhowe;
- ama-sauces;
- izitsha ezimuncu;
- i-vanillin;
- isinqumelo;
- ikhofi;
- iziphuzo ze-carbonated;
- itiye eliqinile;
- imikhiqizo equkethe ama-dyes, ama-preservatives;
- ukudla okubandayo noma okushisayo kakhulu.
Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa:
- okusanhlamvu okunamaqabunga kanye nokugcoba kahle;
- Isobho lezinyosi nemifino enezithako ezihlanzekile;
- izinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi, inyama nezinkukhu;
- isinkwa esimhlophe sangozolo;
- ibhotela (elinganiselwe);
- i-fat cottage shizi encane;
- amaqanda abilisiwe abilisiwe kanye namaqanda aluhlaza;
- i-kissels;
- ama-omelettes e-steam;
- imifino evuthiwe, amajikijolo, izithelo;
- imifino;
- izithelo ze-citrus;
- ama-fresh juice;
- amafutha yemifino;
- amakhemikhali amaminerali ngaphandle kwegesi;
- imifino, itiye eluhlaza.
Ukudla kudinga imithetho eminingana:
- Izingxenye kufanele zibe ezincane, nokudla ukudla - njalo, kuze kube ngu-10 izikhathi ngosuku.
- Ukushisa kwezitsha kungaba ngu-37 degrees.
- Ukudla kufanele kugayiwe noma kuchotshozwe ngenye indlela, ihlolwe kahle.
- Yonke imikhiqizo kumele ibe yintsha.
- Ungapheka kuphela ukudla noma ukupheke umlingani.
- Ungasebenzisi kabi usawoti, kungcono ukusebenzisa inani elincane.
- Okuqukethwe kwamafutha emenyu kungu-30%, ikakhulukazi yemifino.
Umdlavuza wesisu - ukubikezelwa
Ku-oncology, kuvamile ukuhlola ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kanye namathuba okuphulukiswa phakathi neminyaka emihlanu. Ukuthi bahlala kangakanani nomdlavuza wesisu kuxhomeke kwisilinganiso esitholakale ngaso, isimo se-pathology, iminyaka yesiguli nezinye izici. Ngokuhambisana nobukhulu besifo, isibikezelo sinjengalokhu:
- Isiteji sokuqala - 57-70%;
- Isigaba sesibili - 33-45%;
- Isigaba 3 - 10-20%;
- Isigaba 4 - kufika ku-5%.