I-anemia yisimo somzimba lapho kunciphisa khona izinga le-hemoglobin egazini futhi kunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu (i-erythrocytes). I-anemia ayiyona isifo esizimele, kodwa isibonakaliso sokuthi noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwezitho zangaphakathi noma ukuphazamiseka kwemithi.
Izimpawu ezenzeka nge-anemia zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-non-specific (ezibhekwe nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-anemia) kanye nalokho (okuphawulekayo kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwe-anemia).
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-anemia
- ubuthakathaka obuvamile, ukukhathala okwandayo , ukulala;
- ukuzondwa, ikhanda;
- izinhliziyo zomzimba (ngisho nokuphumula);
- umsindo ezindlebeni;
- ukugqama kwesikhumba kanye nezinambuzane ezimangcwaba;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukwehluleka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane;
- ukuphefumula.
Izimpawu ezicacile ze-anemia
- Ukuntula i-Iron okunempilo. Okuvame kakhulu kufike kuma-90% azo zonke izifo ze-anemia. Esigabeni sokuqala kubonakala izimpawu ezivamile. Esikhathini esizayo, isikhumba singathola umthunzi we-alabaster, kuba somile futhi sikhulu, ama-mucous aphuzi (ikakhulukazi i-eye conjunctiva), izinwele kanye nezipikili ziba yizinkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nokuphulwa kokunambitheka nokuphunga (isibonelo, lohlaka luyi-cholk, ubumba, nezinye izinto ezingenzelwe ukusetshenziswa). Ukuphazanyiswa okungenzeka kwendlela yokugoma kwamathumbu - ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-caries, i-dysphagia, ukuvuthwa okungenasidingo. Izimpawu zokugcina zibonwa nge-anemia ekhulu.
- B12 ukuntuleka kwegazi. Lesi sifo sihlobene nokuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ekudleni noma ekudleni okuncane. Loluhlobo lwe-anemia lubhekene nokuphazanyiswa emsebenzini wesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi kanye nomgudu wamathumbu. Kusukela eceleni kwesimiso sezinzwa kungabonwa: ukungafihli kwamalungu, ukunciphisa ukucabanga, ukuzwa kwe "goosebumps" kanye "nezinyawo zikotini", ukwephulwa kokubambisana. Ezimweni ezimbi - inkumbulo yokukhumbula. Kusukela ku-digestive tract: ubunzima bokugwinya, ukukhulisa kwesibindi kanye nesipere, ukuvuvukala kolimi.
- I-hemolytic anemia - yiqembu lezifo lapho kutholakala khona ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwama-erythrocyte uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphila kwabo okuvamile. I-hemolytic anemia ingaba yifa, i-autoimmune, i-viral. Iningi le-anemia ye-hemolytic libhekene nokwanda kobukhulu besibindi nesibindi, i-jaundice, umchamo omnyama namanzi, umkhuhlane, amahlumela, amazinga aphezulu we-bilirubin egazini.
- I-anemia ye-aplastic. Kuvela ngenxa yokwephula ikhono lomnkantso wesitembu ukukhiqiza amaseli egazi. Ngokuvamile kungumphumela we-irradiation kanye neminye imiphumela emibi. Ngaphezu kwezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile ze-anemia ye-aplastiki kubonakala: izinsini eziphuzayo, i-nosebleeds, ukuphuma kwesisu, isifo somkhuhlane, ukulahlekelwa ukudla kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokushesha, stomatitis ye-ulcerative.
Ukutholwa kwe-anemia
Ukuxilongwa kwe-"anemia" kungenziwa kuphela udokotela okusekelwe ekuhlolweni okunquma inani lamaseli abomvu ne-hemoglobin egazini. Amanani avamile we-hemoglobin ayi-140-160 g / l emadodeni futhi 120-150 g / l kubesifazane. Inkomba engaphansi kwe-120 g / l inikeza izizathu zokukhuluma nge-anemia.
Ngokweqile kwe-anemia ihlukaniswe ngama-3 degrees:
- Ukukhanya, i-1 degree, i-anemia, lapho ama-indices anciphisa khona kancane, angaphansi kuka-90 g / l.
- Isilinganiso, i-2 degree, i-anemia, lapho i-hemoglobin egazini iphakathi kuka 90-70 g / l.
- Okukhulu, ibanga lesi-3, i-anemia, lapho i-hemoglobin ingaphansi kuka-70 g / l.
Nge-anemia emnene, angeke ibe khona izimpawu zomtholampilo nhlobo, ngezimpawu ezilinganiselayo kakade zivezwe, futhi ifomu elibi lingasongela ukuphila, ngokulimala okukhulu kwesimo jikelele, igazi elincane, ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso senhliziyo.