Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola isifo sofuba - ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux, ukuhlolwa kokuphendula kukaPirke, ukuhlaziywa kwe-sputum nabanye. Isifo sofuba samapayipi silula ukuhlolisisa ngesisekelo se-fluorography. Ngeshwa, iningi lalezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile lihlinzeka ngemiphumela emibi neyamanga emibi, edinga ukuqinisekiswa okungeziwe. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sofuba kufinyelela ekuthandeni - le ndlela inethuba elingaphansi lephutha.
Kulungile ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sofuba se-pulmonary?
Uma unesithakazelo sokuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ngani ngesifo sofuba, kungasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi zonke izivivinyo ze-laboratory eziphoqelekile zizosiza ngandlela-thile. Vumela ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kungaboni ukuthi kukhona i-bacterus ye-Koch, noma enye i-mycobacteria ebangela isifo sofuba, iyasiza ukulandelela impilo jikelele yesiguli. Ikakhulukazi ibonisa kahle ikhono lokuzivikela ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Izinguquko ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi ngesifo sofuba ikakhulukazi zithinta indlela ye-leukocyte kanye nesilinganiso se-sedimentation yama-erythrocytes, i-ESR. Uma izinkomba zivela kudokotela osolisayo, uzokwabela izifundo ezengeziwe, njenge:
- ukuhlaziywa kwesihlahla;
- i-bronchoscopy ;
- i-fluorography ;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin.
Ukuhlaziywa kokugcina akukwazi ukubhekwa njengempumelelo uma umuntu esivele enikezwe ukugonywa kwe-BCG. Yingakho kutholakala ukuthi isifo sofuba sisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya igazi, okudalula ama-antibodies ku-mycobacteria yesifo sofuba, i-MBT. Kuphelele, izinhlobo eziningana zocwaningo zisetshenziswa:
- ukuhlolwa kwe-quinthyferon yesifo sofuba;
- i-enzyme immunoassay;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-T-SPOT;
- i-polymerase chain reaction.
Izinzuzo zesifo sofuba segazi ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwegazi
Igama lokuhlolwa kwegazi ngalinye ngesifo sofuba kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi isifundo sithini. Isivivinyo esilinganiselwe sisekelwe ekutholeni ukuphendula kwe-interferon egazini egazini, okungukuthi, libeka ama-antibodies. Lesi sifundo sinembile, kodwa asikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi amathambo, amaphaphu, noma ezinye izitho ziyathinteka yini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwama-immunoenzymatic futhi kwembula ema-antigen anti-blood, ama-enzyme akhiqizwa yisenzo sokuzivikela. Ngokufanayo, lolu cwaningo lubonisa isilinganiso samamoleksi ahlukene kanye negalelo le-qualitative-quantitative yegazi, okusiza ekusungulweni kwesifo sokutholwa kokugcina.
Isivivinyo se-T-SPOT siyashesha kakhulu futhi sisebenza kahle. Ukuhlaziywa kusekelwe ekubaleni kwamaseli e-T egazini. La maseli asebenze ngokuqondile yi-antigen kuya ku-MBT. Ukuhlolwa kuvumela ukwembulwa kokubili ifomu evulekile futhi evaliwe yesifo, liqondile ngama-95%.
I-Polymerase chain reaction, noma i-PCR, iyindlela yokuhlola yokuxilonga esekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezingxenye ezithile ze-DNA egazini. Lesi sifundo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukunemba kwayo kunkulu kakhulu.
Nazi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuthola isifo sofuba kusukela ekuhlolweni kwegazi:
- ikhono lokubala noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo ngamahora ambalwa;
- Asikho isidingo sokuhlaziya kabusha;
- Amathuba amancane wemiphumela yamanga emihle neyamanga;
- ukunemba okuphakeme kwesifundo.