I-Pharyngitis - izimpawu kanye nokwelapha kuye ngezimbangela zesifo

Umzila wokuqala wokuzivikela umzimba kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwamagciwane kanye nama-bacterium, izinga lokushisa kanye neminye imiphumela emibi yizicubu ze-lymphoid ku-pharynx. Iphuza amangqamuzana e-pathogenic nezinhlayiya ezicasulayo, emva kwalokho zixutshwe kanye ne-mucus esetshenzisiwe.

I-Pharyngitis - siyini lesi sifo?

Uma igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lisebenza kabi, futhi ukutheleleka kusebenza kakhulu, izimpawu zenqubo yokugula ziqala ezinhlobonhlobo ze-lymphoid. Kuzokwelapha kuthiwa "pharyngitis" - ukuthi yikuphi, kulula ukuyiqonda kusukela ekuhumusheni kolulwimi lwesiLatini. I-Pharynx - pharynx, -ith (isisulu) - ukuvuvukala okuqinile. Lesi sifo singathinta njengomnyango owodwa womzimba (impumulo, umlomo, noma i-larynx), futhi konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ingabe i-pharyngitis noma cha?

I-pathology ishukunyiswa yizinto eziningana, phakathi kwazo okukhona izifo. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kungani i-pharyngitis isuqalile - izimpawu kanye nokwelapha, imizila yokudlulisela kanye namathuba okubhekana nezinkinga kuxhomeke kwizimbangela ezibangelwa ukugula. Lapho inqubo yokuvuvukala yenza i-debut yayo ngemuva kwesizinda se-hypothermia ye-pharynx noma i-chemical irritants, isiguli asiyingozi kwabanye. Uma lesi sifo siphuthuma ngenxa yokutheleleka ngezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic, impendulo yombuzo wukuthi ngabe i-pharyngitis isakazeka yini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kuyadingeka.

I-Pharyngitis - izimbangela zesifo

Zonke izici ezenza izimpawu zenqubo yokuvuvukala emathisini e-lymphoid we-pharynx zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

1. Izimbangela ezimbi (mechanical). I-pathology iqala ngemuva kokwelapha okuhlinzekwa, ukuvezwa komzimba wangaphandle, irradiation, ukuvezwa kwama-acids noma ama-alkali. Ngokuvamile ukuvuvukala kubangelwa ukuqhuma umoya oshisayo, umoya obandayo, ukubhema ugwayi, iziphuzo zamakhemikhali anobuthi
2. Ama-pathogenic. Ziyathukuthelisa i-pharyngitis esithathelwanayo - i-viral noma ibhaktheriya. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu uhlobo lwe-mycosis yesifo, izimpawu zalo zibangela isikhunta se-Candida (thrush) yohlobo.
3. Izifo zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokuvuvukala iqala ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesistimu yokuvikelwa komzimba ngamathisini ayo (lomsindo).

I-pharyngitis yegciwane

Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pathology echazwe. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva lwezokwelapha, isizathu esiyinhloko, okungama-80% amacala asusa i-pharyngitis igciwane. Izifo eziphilayo eziyinhloko ziyi:

• umkhuhlane;
• i-rhinovirus;
• i-coronavirus;
• i-paragripp ;
• ama-adenovirus.

Kunamanye ama-pathogenic abangela i-pharyngitis - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezingavamile nezilukhuni zezifo zidinga indlela ehlanganisiwe. Inqubo yokuvuvukala kuleso simo ibonakala njengokuqhubeka kwesifo esiyisisekelo:

• i-syncytial virus yokuphefumula;
• i-herpes simplex uhlobo 1 noma 2;
• I-Coxsackie virus;
• i-cytomegalovirus;
• i-immunodeficiency virus;
• ama-enteroviruses;
• i-Epstein-Barr virus.

I-pharyngitis yebhaktheriya

Ngokwehluleka kokuzivikela komzimba noma othintana nabo abaseduze nabathwali bama microorganisms, ukutheleleka nge-microbes kwenzeka. I-pharyngitis ene-Purulent ngokuvamile ivame ukuthi:

• i-staphylococci ;
• i-pneumococci;
• Yersinia;
• streptococci;
• I-Neisseria.

Kubantu abadala, kusekhona izimpawu zezinhlobo ezithile zezifo ezibangelwa amabhaktheriya alandelayo:

• i-mycoplasma;
• i-gonococci;
• ureaplasma;
• chlamydia.

I-pharyngitis ye-allergen

Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubangelwa umlando wokucindezelwa kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nendawo yangasese. Ngeke igijime ngokuzihlukanisa, okokuqala kukhona i-rhinitis ye-allergen - pharyngitis ijoyina izinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva. Lolu uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke lwezokwelapha ngokwemithi yokwelapha, enomlingiswa ongapheli. Esigabeni sokuqala udokotela kufanele athole ukuthi, ngenxa yalokho okwakune-pharyngitis - izibonakaliso kanye nokwelashwa kuxhomeke kumsunguli wenqubo yokuvuvukala yiphi isenzo:

• izinambuzane;
• isikhunta kanye nesinkwa sefesheni;
• uthuli lomndeni;
• ama-chemical compounds;
• izifo zokudla;
• imithi;
• ukutshala impova;
• isilwane samaprotheni;
• ukubhema ugwayi.

Ukwandisa inkinga yesifo kungase kube nezici ezihambisanayo:

• ukuphazamiseka kwepheshana lomathunjini;
• ukuphika kwezinso;
• isimo esingavumelekile esingokwemvelo;
• umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe othinta umsebenzi wokuzivikela;
• ukugcwala umzimba;
• ukungalingani kwe-microflora ye-membrane emangcwabeni ye-pharynx;
• izifo zenhliziyo;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuzivikela komzimba kanye namaselula.

I-Pharyngitis - izimpawu

Isithombe se-clinic sokuvuvukala kwe-pharynx sifana nesimo kanye nenkambo ye-pathology. I-pharyngitis enamandla iye yaveza izimpawu, okusiza ukuhlonza ukuhlukana nokuphathwa kokwelashwa okulandelayo. Uhlobo olungapheli lesi sifo alubi kakhulu, ludideka kalula nezinye izifo zomlomo womlomo. Izimpawu zenziwe ngokuphawulekayo kuphela ngenkathi zibuyela kabusha.

Uhlobo lwezinguquko embranini emangcwabeni ye-pharynx yinye inhlawulo lapho izimpawu zokuvuvukala ne-pharyngitis zihlukaniswa khona:

• i-catarrhal;
• i-granulosa (i-granulomatous);
• i-hypertrophic;
• i-atrophic.

Catarrhal pharyngitis

Indlela evezwayo yokuvuvukala emathisini e-lymphoid we-pharynx ekwelashweni kuthiwa elula. Umphimbo ophethe i-catarrhal pharyngitis uthola umbala obomvu, uqhubekile futhi uhlanganiswe abantu abaningi. Udonga lwangemva kokungena kwe-larynx lungase lukhulume ngendlela yezintambo nama-tubercles. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini eyabangela pharyngitis - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuxhomeke ngokuyinhloko kwi-pathogen yokuvuvukala.

Ezinye izimpawu zesifo se-catarrhal:

• ukuphefumula, ukushisa nokushaya emqaleni;
• ubuhlungu bomhlaba phakathi kokugwinya nokudla;
• ngezinye izikhathi - izinga lokushisa lomzimba elincane, ngokuvamile lihlala lingavamile;
• ukuzwa komzimba wangaphandle nge-pharynx;
• izwi elihlabayo;
• isidingo sokukhwehlela njalo ukuze usule umphimbo;
• ngokuvamile - i-rhinitis, i-conjunctivitis.

Granulosa pharyngitis

Lesi yisifo esingapheli esibonakala ngokukhungatheka ngezikhathi ezithile. I-granulosa pharyngitis enobuwula - izimpawu:

• ehlelekile, ehlangene nomunye nomunye u-follicles emgqeni ongemuva womphimbo;
• umbala omnyama obomvu we-pharynx;
• ukuphuma kwe-viscous, kunzima ukuxosha isikhala;
• izibhamu zokukhwehlela okukhulu;
• ukuzwa into yangaphandle emphinjeni;
• izwi elikhulu;
• umoya omubi;
• ukuvutha, ukudabuka, ukuvuza nokugwinya emphinjeni;
• ukukhwehlela njalo emizamweni yokususa isikhala;
• ukwandisa ama-lymph nodes eziseduze;
• ukoma emqaleni;
• ngezinye izikhathi - ukuxubana kwe-mucus enamafutha noma i-plaque engxenyeni yangemuva ye-larynx;
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle;
• ukuwohloka kwenhlalakahle jikelele.

I-pharyngitis ye-Hypertrophic

Uhlobo oluchazwe lwe-pathology luya emafomu amabili. Okokuqala yi-granulosa ukuvuvukala okwenziwe ngenhla, eyesibili i-lateral hypertrophic pharyngitis. Kubonakala ngokuqina nokuqina kwezicubu ze-pharynx ngokufana nokubomvulela okuqhubekayo. Imithambo ye-lymphatic negazi ikhulisa kakhulu futhi ivule, ngemuva kwendonga yasemuva i-roller side side rollers.

Isikhukhula nge-pharyngitis sinomzimba omile, owomile futhi obutrusive. Isiguli sihlushwa isikhathi eside, lapho kukhishwa khona umcibisholo obukhulu futhi obunzima. Umuntu uzwa njalo "isikhumba" emphinjeni, owomile, ovuthayo, oshayayo kanye nokugwinya. Ezinye izimpawu:

• ukuphefumula okubi nokuhamba ngemva kokudla;
• ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes entanyeni;
• shintsha izwi namazwi;
• ikhanda;
• ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
• ukulala;
• ngezinye izikhathi - isicanucanu, kuze kuhlanza, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela.

Atrophic pharyngitis

Leli fomu lesi sifo libhekene nokomile okukhulu kwezingqimba ezinobuthi nokuwohloka kwegazi kwegazi ezinkalweni ze-pharynx. I-atrophic pharyngitis ehambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• i-phlegm enamandla kakhulu ngemuva kwe-pharynx;
• ukungahambi kahle emphinjeni, isifiso sokususa umphimbo wakho;
• ukwakheka kwama-crusts owomile ku-mucosa;
• ubunzima ngokugwinya ukudla;
• ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
• okungavamile - emqaleni;
• ukukhwehlela owomile kakhulu;
• Umbala omnyama ophuzi we-larynx nge "lacquered" i-sheen nemisindo yegazi ebonakalayo ebonakalayo;
• ukoma okunamandla;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• ukuqedwa kwama-reflexes angama-pharyngeal;
• umoya omubi;
• ukuphuma kwe-capillaries emqaleni.

I-Pharyngitis - ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kokuvuvukala kwe-pharynx kudinga indlela eyakhelwe futhi ehlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ngendlela ehlala njalo. Indlela yokuphatha i-pharyngitis, i-otolaryngologist kufanele inqume ngesisekelo sezimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, uhlobo lwalo, indlela yokuphila yesiguli nezinye izici. Izinyathelo zokwelapha eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa:

• ukwenqaba ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala;
• ukusetshenziswa kwe-humidifier emoyeni;
• ukunamathela ekudleni okunqunyiwe;
• ukuvikelwa kwezitho zokuphefumula ezibandayo kanye ne-steam, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali, uthuli kanye nokucasula okufanayo;
• ukwelashwa okuhambisana ne-pathologies evusa inqubo yokuvuvukala;
• ukuvakashela ama-sanatoriums akhethekile nezindawo zokubhuka;
• i-physiotherapy;
• i-cauterization yezicubu ezinomzimba we-lymphoid (ngehlobo lokugula olune-hypertrophic).

Kungcono ukugqoka i-pharyngitis?

Ukwenza ngcono impilo enhle, ukuvimbela isifo sobuhlungu nokuhlanza umlomo womlomo, ukwelapha isifo se-antryptic ye-larynx kuyadingeka. Ukwelashwa okunamandla kwe-pharyngitis kunikeza ukuhlanza kwansuku zonke emphinjeni ngezixazululo ngomsebenzi we-antimicrobial. Ngezimo ezimbi zesifo futhi ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwesibindi, inqubo kufanele ilandelwe njalo ngemva kwamahora ambalwa. Ngaphambi kokuba uphulukise i-pharyngitis ngama-rinses, udinga ukubonisana ne-otolaryngologist ngemithi oyikhethile. Odokotela banquma okulandelayo:

• Iodinol ;
• Furacilin;
• I-Rotokan;
• I-Dioxydin;
• IMalawi;
• i-saline yomzimba;
• I-chlorophyllipt;
• I-Miramistin ;
• I-Romalusan;
• umhluzi we-chamomile, i-sage noma i-lemon balm;
• I-Chlorhexidine;
• Hexoral nokunye okunjalo.

I-Pharyngitis - izidakamizwa zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa okunamandla okukhethiwe kukhethwe kuye ngenxa yesibindi sokuvuvukala kwe-pharynx. Kunokuba uphathe i-pharyngitis:

1. Ama-antiseptics. Ngemuva kokugcoba, kuhle ukugcoba umphimbo ngesisombululo sikaLugol, ukuchelela ngeCamethon, Olefar, Ingalipt, Orapept neminye imithi.
2. Ama-painkillers asekhaya. Ukuze siphathe kabi ngaphakathi kwe-larynx futhi senze lula ukugwinya, sisebenzisa ama-lozenges, ama-lozenges namalungiselelo afanayo nge-anesthetics - i-Septotelet, i-Neo-Angin, i-Pharyngosept, i-Strepsils, i-Hexaliz nabanye.
3. Imithi yokulwa namagciwane. Ama-antibiotic we-pharyngitis asetshenziselwa kuphela imvelaphi ye-bacteria yesifo, anqunywe udokotela kuphela ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwe-sputum nge-membranes emangcwabeni nokuhlolwa kobuzwe obuncane bezinambuzane ezibhekene nemithi ehlukene. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, kokubili ama-antimicrobial wendawo (i-Bioparox, i-Imudon) nama-systemic agents ( Sumamed , Erythromycin, Cefalexin) angasetshenziswa.
4. Antimycotics. I-Fluconazole kanye nezilinganiso zayo ezidingekayo kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka uhlobo lokufisa lwenqubo yokuvuvukala. Ukuqokwa kwemithi enjalo futhi kuphathwa yi-otolaryngologist.
5. Ama-Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agents. Lezi zinhlobo zezidakamizwa azivame ukusetshenziswa, ngoba nge-pharyngitis, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lihlala ngaphakathi kwama-37-38 degrees. Kuphela ezimweni ezibucayi kanye nokutholakala kwezinkinga kuyadingeka ukwelashwa ngeParacetamol, uNimesil, i-Ibuprofen kanye nemithi efanayo.

I-Pharyngitis - imiphumela

Ukuhlukunyezwa okuvame kakhulu kwezifo ezihlolwe ukuguquka kwindlela ephuthumayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela eyingozi iphakama uma i-pharyngitis ingatholakali kahle - izimpawu nokuphathwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ezingahambisani nombangela we-pathology kuyadala isimo. Ukwelashwa isikhathi eside isikhathi eside kubhekwa njengezinto ezibangela ukutholakala kwezifo ezikhungathekisa kakhulu. Izinkinga ze-pharyngitis:

• i-peritonsillar kanye ne- abscess pharyngeal;
• ukuvuvukala kwe-tube yokuhlola;
• i-tracheitis;
• I-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis;
• i-otitis media;
• i-laryngitis;
• i-bronchitis engapheli;
• i-articular rheumatism;
• i-lymphadenitis yomlomo wesibeletho;
• i-sialadenitis.