Ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali ukubhujiswa kwezicubu ngenxa yokuxhumana ne-agent ekhemikhali - i-asidi, i-alkali, i-parafini, i-petroli, i-phosphorus, i-bitumen, amafutha ahlukahlukene, njll. Ngokuvamile, ukushisa kwamakhemikhali kuvezwe emaceleni emilenze, isiqu, kancane kancane - ubuso, amehlo, umlomo, umlomo.
Izinhlobo zokushisa kwamakhemikhali
Ngohlobo lwe-agent ekhemikhali ukuhlukanisa:
- ukushisa ama-asidi (sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric nezinye acids);
- ukushisa kwe-alkaline (potassium hydroxide, i-hydroxyde sodium, njll);
- ukushisa kwe-fluoride (hydrofluoric acid);
- i-phenolic;
- i-phosphoric nabanye.
Ukunakekelwa kokuqala kwezokwelapha nokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-agent, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi into eyabangela ukulimala kwezicubu.
Amamaki okushisa kwamakhemikhali
Njengoba kufana nokushisa okushisa, amakhemikhali ngokwemvelo yokulimala kwezicubu ihlukaniswa kanje.
- I-degree eli-1 - ehambisana nokubomvu nokuvuvukala.
- I-degree 2 - ekukhukhuleni okubomvu kwesikhumba, kwenziwa ama-blister amakhulu;
- I-3 degree - zonke izingxenye zesikhumba zithintekile;
- I-4 degree - ukunqoba kuhlanganisa ithambo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimpawu zokushisa kwamakhemikhali azibonakali ngokugcwele ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuhlola iziqu zazo kuphela emva kokusiza kuqala. Isibonakaliso sokuqala yisifo esivuthayo lapho kukhona khona amakhemikhali, nokubomvu okuncane. Uma ungaqali ngokushesha, ukushisa kuzohamba ukusuka ku-1 degree kuya kweyesi-2 futhi ku-3, ngoba into eqhubekayo isasebenza, ingene ngaphakathi kwezingxenyeni zezicubu.
Usizo ngama-chemical burns
Izenzo ezifanele ngokushisa kwamakhemikhali kunganciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwezicubu ezijulile futhi kwandise amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa okusheshayo nangempumelelo.
- Misa amakhemikhali. Uma le nsiza igcwele izingubo, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha, noma ihlelwe kangcono.
- Hlanza isilonda ngaphansi kwe-jet emanzini amnandi amaminithi angu-10 kuya kwangu-20, uma usizo seluphuzile, isikhathi sokugeza senyuke sibe imizuzu engu-30-40.
- Geza isilonda nge-agent ehlukumeza izinto.
- Faka isicelo se-gauze egqoka (ungasebenzisi ukotini!).
- Shayela i-ambulensi noma ulethe isisulu esikhungweni sokushisa.
Hlanza ngamanzi awukwazi:
- ukushisa nge-lime - ukucima kwayo kuhambisana nokukhululwa kokushisa, futhi izicubu ezithintekayo nazo zizotshiswa ngokushisa; I-lime isusiwe esikhumbeni ngendlela eyomile, bese ihlukumezeka;
- ukushisa ngamakhemikhali e-aluminium - ukuxhumana namanzi kugcwele umlilo; i-agent iyasuswa esikhumbeni ngesisombululo sephuzo.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali
Sula isilonda ngesisombululo se-agent esinqunyiwe kusuka ekushiseni kwamakhemikhali kuphela ngemva kokugezela isikhathi eside ngamanzi!
- ukushiswa kwe-alkaline kuthathwa izixazululo ezibuthakathaka zama-acids (acetic, boric, lemon);
- I-asili ishisa ngokususa isixazululo se-baking soda;
- ukushisa kwe-phosphoric kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwesigqoko esihambisana nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-sulfate yethusi;
- I-Phenol iyashisa isula nge-ethyl utshwala noma i-vodka;
- Ukushisa i-lime kuphathwa ngesishukela soshukela.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali
Uma isikhumba sithinteka ngamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela,
Ukuphuza ukushisa kwamakhemikhali omnene, okufana nokushisa, kusizwa ngemithi efana ne-Panthenol, i-Vishnevsky amafutha, i-Solcoseryl. Njengoba ama-antiseptics asebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zesiliva nezotshwala ze-iodine. Ngokuyinhloko kukhonjiswe ukuthi kufaka isicelo ku-ovutha okwenziwe isilonda kusuka ekushiseni kwamakhemikhali ngesisekelo sokupheka kwabantu kanye neminye imithi engeyona oyinyumba noma engaphenduliwe.