Ukuncintisana ekuthuthukiseni izidakamizwa ze-antiviral zesenzo esikhulu, okuwukuthi izidakamizwa ze-ARVI, zikhona ekuguqukeni okuphawulekayo kwamagciwane, ngokwazi kwabo ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zokulwa. Ngisho isikhala sangaphandle ngeke sibe yisithiyo kubo.
Iyini igciwane?
Ngaphakathi kwawo, kuyindlela engekho yeselula yokuphila. Iyakwazi, ngosizo lwe-genome yayo, ukukhiqiza emasethini ifomu lokuphila elihleliwe kakhulu. I-genome yegciwane imelelwe yi-DNA ne-RNA ngamaketanga e-asidi. Igciwane lisebenzisa okuqukethwe kweseli, lapho lingene khona, njengendlela ephakathi komsoco.
Ukushesha okusheshayo kwamagciwane amasha kanye nokufa kwamaseli. Khona-ke, amaseli amasha athunjwa. Ukwethulwa esitokisini kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo ngomoya noma ngamanzi.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwegciwane lunesimo sokunqotshwa kwezicubu ezithile zomzimba: i-epithelium yamathumbu, amangqamuzana wesibindi, i-epithelium ye-upper tracting tract, njll. Isivikelo somzimba somuntu sivikelwe ukusebenzisana kwama-antibodies kanye ne-interferon.
Ama-antibodies akhumbule igciwane futhi abhubhise kuphela lowo ayekwenziwa ngawo. Futhi ama-interferon yi-amaprotheni akhethekile angabonakali avimbela igciwane ngaphakathi kweseli. Balwa nawo wonke ama-virus we-pathogenic, futhi aphazamise ukwahlukana kwabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bavikela amaseli angomakhelwane anempilo.
Kodwa kukhona ukucindezeleka kwe-interferon picorn- kanye nama-flaviviruses. Izidakamizwa zanamuhla zokulwa negciwane kufanele zidlale indima yokuvimbela futhi zivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane.
Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa
Kunamaqembu amaningana wemithi yama-antiviral:
- imithi equkethe i-interferon futhi ithuthukise ukuhlanganiswa kwayo;
- ama- immunostimulants antiviral;
- imithi ye-homeopathic;
- izidakamizwa ze-cytostatic.
Izixazululo ze-Homeopathic
Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lomuthi we-antiviral olungcono ukuyisebenzisa.
Izifo zokuzivikela ze-homeopathic zisebenza kangcono esikhathini sangaphambi kokutheleleka. Kulabo esiba khona:
- I-Viburkol;
- Aflubin;
- Oscillococcinum.
Uma ngemuva kosuku lokuqala lokusebenzisa akukho miphumela emihle kule mithi, kufanele ukuthi ithathelwe indawo noma ishiyiwe.
Amakhemikhali
Izinto zokuvimbela i-antiviral zalolu hlobo zifaka:
- Tamiflu;
- I-Arbidol;
- I-Remantadine;
- Ribavirin.
I-Remantadine ethandwa kakhulu imitholampilo esebenza kuphela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokutheleleka, futhi ithinta kuphela ukutheleleka komkhuhlane.
Lapha Ribavirin isebenza kokubili i-influenza kanye ne-respiratory sycytial virus. Lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza kakhulu kunokuthi i-Remantadine.
Qaphela ukuthi amathuba okuthiwa yi-Arbidol athukuthukiswa kakhulu, ngoba asebenza kuphela emkhuhlane, futhi kuphela ngesikhathi esandulela lesi sifo.
Okuphumelela kakhulu lapha yisidakamizwa se-antiviral sesiTamiflu esizukulwane esisha. Linciphisa isikhathi sokugula ngezikhathi ezimbili. Futhi kunciphisa izimo zezinkinga ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, uneziphutha:
- hhayi uphenyo ezinganeni;
- inenombolo enkulu yezingqinamba.
Imithi ephephile kakhulu
Iqembu elingenabungozi yezidakamizwa ze-antiviral yiqembu le-interferon kanye neziqephu zalo. Lezi zidakamizwa zinomsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu. Uma uthatha imishanguzo ye-antiviral ye-ARVI, izimpawu zamakhaza ngokuvamile zihamba ngezinsuku ezingu-1-3.
Isidakamizwa sisebenza kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sesifo. Yiphathe ngendlela yamajojo:
- Laferon;
- Amiksin ;
- I-Interferon;
- I-Neovir, njll.
Amakhandlela Kipferon noViferon asetshenziswa ngokuqondile. Ngomkhuhlane, wehla ekhaleni iGrippferon.
I-Kipferon iqukethe ama-antibodies akhethekile futhi izokwenza ngokushesha kakhulu.
Kodwa i-Viferon ibangela okungenani inani lokuphendula okweqile.
Qaphela ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemitholampilo yazo zonke izidakamizwa ezine-interferon ezinezinhlobo ezifanayo phakathi komunye nomunye.
Ngezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-ARVI, ama-interducon we-interferon aphansi ayinconywa, njenge:
- Amiksin;
- I-Cycloferon;
- I-Neovir.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Derinat. Ngokushesha uhlanganisa ama-interferons e-alpha ne-beta. Futhi ihlanganisa izimfanelo ze-immunostimulant.
Ama-immunostimulants
Iqembu lokugcina lezidakamizwa lisetshenziselwa ukugunyazwa kadokotela. Lezi zidakamizwa zi-immunostimulants. Kuhlu lwalezi
- I-Isoprinosine;
- I-brronhoimimumal;
- Imudon;
- I-Ribomunil.
Kungcono ukuwasebenzisa ekuvimbeleni futhi njengendlela yokusekela. Lapho ukhetha imithi elwa namagciwane ukuze ukwelashwa ngokutheleleka kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kubalulekile ukucabangela kokubili isigaba sesifo kanye nedatha yezokwelapha zokuhlola. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela iphuzu lokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa, izinkinga ezikhona kanye nokuqhathaniswa kokusetshenziswa.