Isifo sesifo sofuba singengozini nje kuphela umuntu osuleleke nge-mycobacteria, kodwa nakubo bonke abathandekayo bakhe. Indlela evulekile yesifo sofuba cishe iholela ekutheleleni abanye abantu, ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala isifo, izikhungo eziphuthumayo ezikhungweni ezikhethekile kuyadingeka.
Isifo sofuba esiphelele sithunyelwa kanjani?
Ifomu elivulekile lesifo sofuba lidluliselwa ngamaconsi amancane kanye nasezindlini ezijwayelekile. I-bacillus ye-tubercle i-asidi-okusheshayo, engesabi ukukhipha imishanguzo, futhi ngesimo se-sputum esomile ingaba khona isikhathi eside kakhulu, bese ingena emzimbeni womunye umuntu kanye nothuli. Ngakho-ke, ekamelweni lapho isiguli esinesifo sofuba siphila khona, zonke izinqubo zokuhlanza kufanele zenziwe emphefumulweni, futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo.
Ngemuva kokuba i-bacillus ye-tubercle ingene emzimbeni, lesi sifo asikho ngokushesha. Ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- inkathi yokufaka incubation ;
- ukusabela okwenziwe okwenziwe okweqile ku-bacillus;
- ukudakwa;
- isifo sofuba esisemqoka;
- isifo sofuba sesibili samapayipi.
Izimpawu zendlela evulekile yesifo sofuba
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwesifo sofuba sivulekile futhi ngokuvamile siyizinyanga ezingu-3-4. Le nkathi ingaba mfushane ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele amabhaktheriya, futhi idlule iminyaka emuntwini onempilo ohola indlela efanele yokuphila futhi odla kahle.
Ukusabela okubangelwa ukwelashwa kwenzeka lapho umzimba uqala ukulwa nama-bacteria, ngakho imikhiqizo yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile ibangele ukudakwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuzivikela komzimba kunobuthakathaka kangangokuthi ukuphikiswa kuphukile. Isifo sofuba esiqalayo, sihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko i-lymph nodes. Ngalesi sigaba, isiguli sinamabonakaliso okutheleleka kokutheleleka kwesandulela ngculaza :
- ukwanda kokushisa;
- ukukhwehlela.
Lezi yizibonakaliso eziyinhloko zendlela evulekile yesifo sofuba, ukuxilongwa okunembile kungasungulwa kuphela emva kokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe.
Ngesifo sofuba sesibili, lesi sifo sihlanganisa izicubu ze-alveoli emaphashini ne-bronchi, lowo muntu akayena ophethe kuphela, kodwa futhi usakaze isifo. Yiqiniso, kuphela uma kuziwa kwifomu layo elivulekile. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwe-mycobacteria ku-sputum, okuxoshwa ngokukhwehlela.
Kusukela kulo mzuzu ukuhlukaniswa kwesiguli kuqala ngelashwa olulandelayo esibhedlela sesifo sofuba. Ukwelashwa okuphelele okunokwenzeka ngokukhetha kahle kwama-antibiotics kanye ne-chemotherapy. Kuze kube manje, ukushona kwesifo sofuba kunqabile kakhulu futhi kungaphansi kwezingu-20% kwenani lazo zonke izimo.