Ikota YamaJuda

Idolobha langempela lamaJuda ePrague liphakathi kweSikwele SaseDolobheni LaseNdala naseMfuleni iVltava. Namuhla isifunda saseJosefov siyingxenye ehloniphekile yedolobha enezindlu ezihloniphekile. Kanye kwakukhona indawo encane yamaJuda, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Prague ghetto". Le ngxenye yesimanje yamaJuda nayo iyindawo evulekile yomnyango wezemidlalo: uye walondoloza izimpahla eziningi ezingavamile zomlando zonke izivakashi zasePrague zizimisele ukuvakashela.

Umlando wenxenye yamaJuda kaJosefov ePrague

Umlando wesifundazwe uJosefov eCzech Republic ukhululekile futhi unonya, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthakazelisa kakhulu. Abahlali bamaJuda babonakala lapha ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu wonke amaJuda asePrague avuselelwa lapha. Yile ndlela "i-ghetto ePrague" evele ngayo. Abantu besifunda samaJuda babehlala kanzima kakhulu, bephulwa kukho konke:

Isimo sathuthukiswa kuphela phakathi nekhulu le-IXX. lapho amaJuda athola amalungelo alinganayo namaKristu. Khona-ke bakwazi ukuhlala kunoma yisiphi isifunda somuzi. Ikhompeli lamaJuda labizwa ngegama elithi "Josefov" ngokuhlonipha uMbusi uJoseph II, owenza izinguquko ezikhululekile kumaJuda aseCzech.

Umngcele phakathi kwekhulu lama-IXX no-XX. yabhubhisa iningi lesifunda samaJuda ePrague: imigwaqo emisha yafakwa lapha. Noma kunjalo, izikhumbuzo zomlando nezakhiwo zokwakha zagcinwa. Ikhasi elibi futhi elidabukisayo lomlando wesigcawu samaJuda kwakuwukufika kwamaNazi amandla. Emva kokubhujiswa okuphelele kwamaJuda, bahlela kusuka kule ngxenye ukudala imyuziyamu yesizwe esanyamalala. Kungenxa yesinqumo esinjalo sikaHitler, okwakungeniswa lapha izinto zokukhulekela kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene zokukhulekela, kanti ingxenye yesine kaJosefov yagcinwa. Ngezansi ungabona isithombe sendawo yendawo yesigodi samaJuda ePrague ebalazweni.

Iziqhingi zeQuarter lamaJuda ePrague

UJosefov iyisikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele senkambiso yamaJuda, esingenalo i-analogue eYurophu. Ukuvakasha okuqondiswayo ukuvakasha kwakho ku-block kuyoba inkanyezi kaDavid, efakwe lapha cishe cishe sonke isakhiwo. Okuthakazelisayo ukubona eNkundleni yamaJuda ePrague:

  1. I-Old-New Synagogue . Lesi yisikhumbuzo senkolo esidala kunazo zonke kanye nesikhungo esiyinhloko samaJuda asePrague, esakhiwa ngo-1270. Phakathi nomlando walo omude, cishe awuzange ushintshe ukubukeka kwawo kwasekuqaleni.
  2. Isinagoge eliphezulu. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1992, lahlala ekuboniseni i-Prague Jewish Museum. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa ngo-1996, isinagoge laba yindlu yokukhuleka yabakhileyo basePrague.
  3. ISinagoge iSasel. Omunye wemikhaya emihle kakhulu yomkhuleko endlini yeJosefov ePrague. Yakhiwa ngo-1592 njengesikhungo somuntu siqu somfundisi we-ghetto kanye nezimali zenkantolo ka-Emperor Rudolph II uMordechai Meisel. Namuhla akuyona indlu yokuthandaza, kodwa njengendawo yokugcina i-Jewish Museum.
  4. Isinagoge laseP Pinsk. Wakhele kusukela eminyakeni engu-1519 kuya ku-1535. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi liye lahlela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwakha kabusha, lugcinwa izici ze-Renaissance ne-Gothic. Manje lesi sakhiwo yisikhumbuzo esidumile kulabo abahlukunyezwe ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe kanye nesikhungo samaJuda.
  5. I-Klaus esinagogeni. Kutholakala eduze kwe-Old Jewish Cemetery. Ngo-1689 kwabhujiswa ngomlilo, kodwa kakade ngo-1694 isinagoge lalibuyiselwe ngokuphelele, futhi selivele lisendaweni yamaBaroque. Endlini yokuthandaza kukhona ukuvezwa koMbuso wamaJuda wombuso.
  6. Isinagoge laseSpain. Indlu yomthandazo yamaJuda yakhiwa ngo-1867. Isitayela samaMoor sinezakhiwo zokwakhiwa, ngoba kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyisimo esiphezulu se-canon yamaJuda. Ngaphandle kwenhloso esemqoka, amakhonsathi omzimba kanye nemibukiso ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo.
  7. IJerusalema noma iSinagogeni YamaJuda. Eyona enkulu kunazo zonke, enhle nesimanje, yakhiwa ngo-1906. Nakuba isinagogeni sitholakala ngaphandle kweQuarter lamaJuda, kuluhlu lwezinto zayo.
  8. IHholo LaseDolobheni lamaJuda . Lesi sakhiwo kusukela ngo-1577 siyisikhungo esiyinhloko somphakathi wamaJuda asePrague. Kutholakala eduze kwekhoneni kusukela eSinagogeni Elidala. Iwashi lezivakashi ezinezinhlamvu zesiHeberu, zihamba nge-clockwise.
  9. Amathuna amadala amaJuda . Esinye sezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zesiko lamaJuda. Kule ndawo abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 000 bangcwatshwa, kufaka phakathi iningi lemifanekiso yamaJuda nenkolo.
  10. Umdwebo kaRabi Levi. Idalwe ngo-1910 futhi ifakwe ekhoneni leHholo LaseNew Town. Umdwebi u-L. Shaloon waphelela ngokuphelele umzuzwana lapho umvikeli wamaJuda, isazi, u-rabbi nomcabango ethatha ezandleni zentombazana encane i-rose lapho, ngokusho komlando, ukufa kwakhe kufihlwe.
  11. Isithombe sikaMose. Epaki eduze nesinagoge le-Staronovo ngo-1937, kwafakwa isikhumbuzo somsalathi kumprofethi, esiqopha igama lika-Adamu kulo mqulu. Lobuciko obuhle, owadalwa ngo-1905 ngoF. F. Bilek, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwadonswa yi-fascists. Ngenxa yendlela yokubeka umdwebo, umfelokazi womdwebi owawusindisa, umsebenzi wobuciko ubuyiselwe esimweni sawo sokuqala.
  12. Isikhumbuzo nesikhala sokukhumbula sikaFranz Kafka. Umlobi wazalwa e-ghetto yamaJuda, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi i-plaque ekhunjulwayo yayakhiwe eMezangazelova Street, lapho ehlala khona. Ngo-2003, eduze nesinagoge laseSpain, isikhumbuzo esingaqondakali emsebenzini womdwebi uJon Ron sasifakwa, sichaza umlobi ehlezi phezulu kwengubo engenalutho.
  13. Igalari kaRobert Guttmann. Ihholo lokubukisa lavulwa ngo-2001. Kule ndawo ungayithokozisa umsebenzi wabadwebi bomdwebo kanye nabaculi abasebasha bamazwe angamaJuda.

Yini ongayithenga ku-Quarter yamaJuda?

Yiqiniso, endaweni yezokuvakasha ePrague kunezitolo eziningi, izitolo zokukhumbula kanye namatende. Kusuka kwimikhumbuzo yendabuko ungathenga ama-magnets ahlukene, izinhlamvu zemali, amakhadikhadi abonisa ukukhangiswa okuhlukahlukene kweQuarter lamaJuda ePrague. Kunezikhumbuzo ezizokukhumbuza ngokuqondile ngokuvakashela "i-ghetto yasePrague" - lezi zibalo ezihlukahlukene zobumba zobumba uGollem, abathandaza orabi, zonke izinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi zikaDavid no-kip.

IQuarter lamaJuda ePrague - Ungafika kanjani lapho?

Ingxenye ye-Josefov iyingxenye ye-Old Prague futhi iyingxenye yesifunda sezokuphatha sasePrague 1. Ikheli leQuarter lamaJuda ePrague: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1. Ungathola lapha kanje: