Ukuhamba ngezindiza akuyona into embi: Izimpendulo ezingu-19 zemibuzo ethandwa kakhulu zinikezwa abasebenzi basezindiza

Akukho ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi indiza isebenza kanjani, engabangela ukuwa kwayo nezinye izinhlayiyana ezihlobene nalesi sihloko, yingakho abagibeli banemibuzo eminingi. Abanye babo banquma ukuphendula ngokukhululekile kubasebenzi bezindiza.

Indiza ibonakala njengenye yezimoto eziphephile, kodwa abantu abaningi, ngisho nalabo abavame ukuhamba, banokwesaba. Kuyizikhathi eziningi ezingenangqondo futhi zixhunywe ukungaboni kahle umsebenzi wendiza. Ukulungisa lesi siphambeko, abashayeli bezindiza nabasebenzi bezindiza baphendula imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu abagibeli ababuza.

1. Ingabe i-autopilot ingasetha indiza?

Izindiza zanamuhla zinesistimu yokulawula ekwazi ukushayela indiza emgwaqweni ovulekile ukusuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-300 ukufika ngokugcwele endleleni. Ukufika kungenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa umshayeli wezokushayela kufanele aqaphe ukusebenza kwayo futhi abeke ukulungiswa okudingekayo kokufika. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufika, ukuqondiswa kwendiza kuhamba ngendlela yokuhamba-indlela, okuwukuthi, ilungisa ukuhamba komshini we-radio. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lolu hlelo luzosebenza ngisho noma indiza ingasebenzi ngokuphelele.

2. Ingabe abashayeli bezindiza balele ngesikhathi sezindiza?

Ukwesaba abantu abaningi: abashayeli bezindiza balala e-helm, futhi indiza iyawa. Kodwa empeleni kungaphezu kwefantasy yasendle kuneqiniso. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kokuba kuvezwe inkambo, i-autopilot esebenza ngendiza ivuliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathumeli bahlala bexhumana nabashayeli bezindiza, impendulo efuna kubo, ngakho-ke ngisho noma umshayeli elala, lokhu ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngezimoto ezindiza isikhathi eside, izinkontileka ezimbili noma abathathu abahamba ngezindiza zingasebenza, okwenza kube lula ukushintsha omunye nomunye.

3. Abashayeli bezindiza balungiselela kanjani indiza?

Amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kwezindiza, abashayeli bezindiza badlula ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha futhi baya emfushane ekamelweni elikhethekile. Lapho bafunda ngesimo sezulu bese baxoxisana nama-nuances wezindiza ezizayo. Ihora ngaphambi kokuba indiza, indiza ihlolwe futhi ilungiselelwe ukuqala kokuhamba. Ngemva kokuxoxisana nabaphathi ebhodini, abagibeli bagibele.

4. Kungani umshayeli wezindiza angabonakala ehamba ezindizeni?

Ngokuvamile abashayeli bezindiza kufanele baqhubekele endaweni yabo yomsebenzi (amaphuzu okuhamba ngezindiza), ngakho bangatholakala ekamelweni lendiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma begqoka umfaniswano, banqatshelwe ukulala futhi babuke ama-movie ku-headphones. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi abaqeqeshi abaqeqeshwayo bangabangela abantu ukuba babe nemibuzo eminingi kanye nokwesaba. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuze bangabhubhisi izimo ezingajabulisayo, abagibeli bezindiza bahamba ezindaweni eziphambene nazo ezisepakitini labaqhubi bezindiza, noma ekilasini lokuqala.

5. Uma umntwana ezalwa endizeni, uthola uhlobo luni lobuzwe?

Ngokuvamile, kodwa kwakunezimo lapho owesifazane ebeletha ngokuqondile ebhanoyini ngesikhathi sezindiza. Isinqumo sokuthi yisiphi isakhamuzi ingane eyothola siyamukelwa yinkampani yezindiza ngokucabangela umthetho wamanje. Kunezinketho ezintathu eziyinhloko: isitifiketi sokuzalwa singakhishwa izwe lapho izindiza zezindiza zibhaliswe khona, lapho izindiza zahamba khona noma lapho kufike khona ukufika. Ezimweni eziningi, ukhetho lokuqala lukhethiwe. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ezinye izindiza zezindiza zinika izingane ibhonasi - zihamba yonke impilo yazo mahhala noma kuphi emhlabeni.

6. Kwenzeke kaningi ukuphazamiseka?

Eqinisweni, inani lezigameko ezihlobene nezindiza akuyona enkulu njengoba kubonakala. Esibhakabhakeni, izinkinga ziyinto engavamile kakhulu, futhi ngokusho kwezibalo, izenzakalo eziningi zenzeka emaminithini amathathu okuqala ngemva kokukhipha kanye nemizuzu engu-8 ngaphambi kokufika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nalapho kwenzeka ukushayeka kwezindiza, cishe amaphesenti angu-95.7 asinda. Uma kukhona ukwesaba, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo eziphephile zibhekwa njengemsila, futhi kunconywa ukuthenga izihlalo ngaphakathi kwemigqa emihlanu ukugcina ukuphuma. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ukulimala okukhulu kwe-air kwenzeka enhlabathini, ngenkathi ngo-1977 izindiza ezimbili zihlangana nomgwaqo. Le ngozi yabulala abantu abangu-583.

7. Ingabe kukhona "izindiza" zezindiza?

Eqinisweni, kuye kwasungulwa imizila ekhethekile, eyasakazwa ngokuphakama, njengalabo abahamba ngezindiza ezihamba ngezinyawo zihamba ngokuphakama, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho - ngendlela engavamile.

8. Kungani abaqhubi bezindiza bembatha intshebe enkulu namadevu?

Isinqumo esinjalo asiyena umuntu siqu, kodwa kubhekwa njengomthetho, ngoba isilevu, amadevu neminye imihlobiso ebusweni, ngokwesibonelo, ukubhoboza, kungabangela ukuba umasikisi we-oxygen ungafanani nesimo esimweni esiphuthumayo. Isimo esinjalo sengozini yokuphila kwabagibeli, ngakho-ke abashayeli bezindiza bavunyelwe nje kuphela ukuthi bangabanjwanga, akukho lutho.

9. Kungani baphoqeleka ukuvula amafasitela ngaphambi kokufika nokuqedwa?

Sekukhulunywe kakade ukuthi iziphuthumayo eziningi zenzeka ngesikhathi sokufika nokuqedwa, futhi amakhethini adinga ukuvulwa ukuze abantu lapho kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo behlelwe kahle, ngakho amehlo abo kufanele ajwayele ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagibeli nabagibeli bezindiza kumele babone ukuthi kwenzekani ngokungahambi kahle.

10. Kuyini ukuhamba okuphephile "okulukhuni" emhlabathini noma emanzini?

Amafilimu avame ukukhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sezindiza zokugijima eziphuthumayo bakhetha ukuqondisa indiza emanzini, ngenkathi kudala umbono okhohlisayo wabantu. Eqinisweni, ukukhetha "umhlaba noma amanzi" kuxhomeke emfanekisweni wendiza, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kulula ukuhamba indiza emhlabathini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kunamanzi. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi, kuvela, uketshezi luyinkimbinkimbi "ngenxa yobuningi bayo nokuvumelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokufika, indiza izoba ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi abantu bangase bangabi nesikhathi sokuphuma. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amathuba okuhlala emhlabeni kumhlaba aphezulu kunamanzi.

11. Kuzoze kube nini ukusebenzisa ama-mask oksijini?

Ngenxa yokuqhuma noma ngenxa yezimo eziphuthumayo, i-cabin ingase ihlupheke. Emphakathini ophakeme, umuntu uzokuthuthukisa i-hypoxia, uzolahlekelwa yimiqondo futhi angase afe. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kune-mask oksi siqu yomuntu ongaphezu kwesihlalo somgibeli ngamunye, futhi yenzelwe imizuzu engu-10-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, umshayeli wezinyawo uzoba nesikhathi sokunciphisa indiza endaweni ephakeme, lapho umuntu engavame ukuphefumula khona. Ngendlela, lo mshayeli unomsiki wakhe we-oksijini, futhi yenzelwe isikhathi eside, ngoba umsebenzi womshayeli uwukuhamba ngendiza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhlushwa. Ngaphambi kokuba uphakamise indiza emoyeni, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamaski omshayeli.

12. Umuntu ovamile angakwazi yini ukugibela indiza?

Isakhiwo samafilimu amaningi ezindiza sitshela izindaba zendlela abantu abahlukene ngayo ngisho nezingane ezihlwanyela izindiza ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi nezinhlekelele, ukuthola izinkomba ezivela kubathumeli noma eminye imithombo. Ngokuqondene nezimo zangempela, ukuhlolwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ngempela ngezindiza zanamuhla. Ucwaningo olusanda kwenziwa olwenziwe nge-simulator kanye nabaphathintambo bakwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi. Amathuba amahle okuphumelela angenxa yobukhona ezindizeni zezinhlelo zekhompyutha zanamuhla ezingakwazi ukuqondisa futhi zinikeze izindiza, ngokuqondisa okulungile ekukhulumisaneni kwemsakazo ne-dispatcher.

13. Kungani indiza ingathunyelwa kumjikelezo wesibili?

Ngokombiko, abagibeli bajabule kakhulu uma kunokuba bekulindele isikhathi eside ukuthi indiza iqale ukuzuza ukuphakama. Isinqumo sokuthumela indiza kumjikelezo wesibili yisimo esivamile, okungenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, uma into itholakele emgwaqweni, umoya oqinile uqhuma umoya, noma isikhumulo sezindiza sivaliwe ukufika ngokuphuthumayo kwendiza ekhethekile.

14. Umoya odwetshwe ku-turbine usho ukuthini?

Lesi sibalo senza umsebenzi obalulekile, ngoba i-turbine ingasebenza cishe ngokuthula futhi idinga isignali ebonakalayo. Kwabhalwa amacala amaningi, njengoba abantu beza kuso, futhi ukugeleza komoya kwawaxosha kude, okwadala ukulimala okukhulu. Ukuze ungafaki lezo zingozi zaqala ukubeka phakathi kwezimpawu ze-turbine, ngakho ungaziqonda, i-turbine isebenza noma cha.

15. Ngingangena kanjani ku-cockpit lapho umnyango uvaliwe ngaphakathi?

Ngenxa yokuphepha kwezindiza, abagibeli abakwazi ukuvula umnyango wokugibela abagibeli bezindiza, njengoba kuvinjelwe ngemuva kokuba wonke umuntu athathe indawo yakhe. Kukhona njalo ingozi yokuphuthumayo, isibonelo, bobabili abashayeli bezindiza bangase balahlekelwe. Kulesi simo, umsizi wendiza uyazi ikhodi ekhethekile evula umnyango. Kule ndege ngayinye, inhlanganisela ikhethiwe, futhi kubikwe ngaphambi kokuhamba. Emva kokufakwa kwekhodi, umnyango uzovuleka kungakapheli iminithi, kodwa uma umshayeli wezindiza ebona ngekhamera yevidiyo ukuthi ilungu leqembu elingafuni ukungena, livimba ngokuphelele umnyango futhi ngeke kube nethuba lokulivula ngaphandle.

16. Abahamba ngezindiza badla kanjani ngesikhathi sezindiza?

Abagibeli nabashayeli bezindiza badla ngokuhlukile, kanti lo mdlalo uhlinzeka izitsha eziningana ongakhetha kuzo. Ezimweni eziningi, kuyinkukhu, inhlanzi kanye nenyama enezicucu ezingezansi, kanti umshayeli ngamunye uhlinzeka ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi ngemikhiqizo efanayo. Thatha abagibeli bezokudla, futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva kwesondo kumatafula akhethekile.

17. Kwenzekani uma zonke izinjini ziyeka ukusebenza?

Lapho indiza ithola ukuphakama okudingekayo, abashayeli bezindiza basebenze imodi lapho izinjini zisebenza khona zero. Lokhu kungaqhathaniswa nesimo lapho imoto ihla evela egqumeni kanti isishiyagalolunye sisendaweni engathathi hlangothi. Ukuhluleka okuphelele kwezinjini kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile, futhi ngalokhu abashayeli bezindiza banemiyalelo yokusetha kabusha. Abagibeli akudingeki bakhathazeke nhlobo, ngoba indiza ingakwazi ngisho nokuhlala emanzini okuhlela ngisho ngaphandle kwezinjini. Lokhu kungubufakazi beqiniso: ngo-1982, izindiza ze-Boeing 747 zawela efwini lothuli olwakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ngenxa yalokho, zonke izinjini ezine zalahla, kodwa abagibeli bezindiza bakwazi ukuhamba ngendiza kulesi sikhumulo sezindiza esiseduzane, futhi akukho muntu owake walimala.

18. Isibani, isichotho noma ukushayisana nenyoni kuyingozi?

Abaningi bayomangala ukuthi abagibeli abazizwa futhi abaqapheli ukuthi umbani uhlasela indiza futhi into eyodwa kuphela engase yenzeke yi-powerout ye-system. Kulesi simo, abashayeli bamashayeli bawenza ukuba kube ngaphezulu, futhi indiza iyaqhubeka kwimodi evamile. Ngokumangazayo, ingozi ihanjiswa yizinyoni ezingangena ku-fan noma i-turbine, zivusa ukubhujiswa kwazo ngisho nokushisa kwe-injini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushayisana nenyoni akukwazi "ukusinda" emgodini. Ngendlela, izikhumulo zezindiza zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokwesabisa izinyoni, isibonelo, izakhi zomsindo ngisho nama-helicopter. Eyingozi yendiza nesichotho, kodwa izinkinga zemvelo zizimisele ngaphambili, futhi zingadlulela nxazonke.

19. Kungani abagibeli bengayitholi i-parachute uma kwenzeka inhlekelele?

Ukuthembela ngeparachute ngesikhathi kushayiswa indiza kuyisiphukuphuku, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi ngisho nasezweni elikhululekile abakwazi ukugqoka iparachute ngokufanelekile bese behlala ngokuphepha ngemuva kokugxuma. Ukwengeza, ukugijima ngokuphepha kusuka endizeni, kufanele ihambe kancane kancane ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kuka-5 km ngaphezu komhlaba.