Umlando ufihla amaqiniso amaningi aphathelene nokuhlolwa okumbi kubantu abaqhutshwa "egameni" lemithi. Abanye babo baziwa emphakathini.
Ukuvivinywa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha nezindlela zokwelapha kwenziwa kubantu kuphela lapho kunokuqiniseka ukuthi inani lemiphumela emibi linciphiswa. Ngeshwa, kwakungeyona njalo njalo. Umlando uyazi amacala amaningana lapho abantu beba izingulube ze-guinea hhayi ezenzweni zabo zokuzikhethela futhi babhekana nosizi olukhulu nobuhlungu.
1. Izindlela 'zokunyuka' umuntu ekhanda
Ngama-1950s no-1960, i-CIA yasungula uhlelo lokucwaninga olubizwa ngokuthi i-MKULTRA project, izivivinyo zenziwa emiphumeleni ebuchosheni bezinhlobo ezahlukene zezidakamizwa kanye nezidakamizwa ze-psychotropic ukuze bathole indlela yokusebenzisa ukuqonda. I-CIA, amasosha, odokotela, izifebe kanye nabantu bezinye izigaba babejojowe nezidakamizwa, befunda indlela abasabela ngayo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, abantu babengazi ukuthi babehlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa amadlotha, lapho kuhlolwa khona futhi imiphumela yabhalwa ngosizo lwekhamera ezifihliwe ukuhlaziywa kamuva. Ngo-1973, inhloko ye-CIA yayala ukuba ibulale yonke imibhalo ehlobene nale phrojekthi, ngakho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola ubufakazi balezi zivivinyo ezimbi.
2. Ukwelashwa kokusebenza kokungcola
Ngo-1907, uDkt. Henry Cotton waba yinhloko esibhedlela esibhedlela saseTrenton, futhi waqala ukuveza ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yomshoshaphansi yintsholongwane yendawo. Udokotela wenza izinkulungwane zemisebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume yeziguli ezazingenayo igazi nangenhliziyo. Abantu basuswe amazinyo, amathoni kanye nezitho zangaphakathi, okwathi, ngokusho kukadokotela, kwakuwumthombo wenkinga. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuyamangaza ukuthi udokotela wayekholelwa ekufundiseni kwakhe kangangokuthi wahlolisisa yena nomndeni wakhe. Ikhokothi yayigxile kakhulu imiphumela yocwaningo lwakhe, futhi emva kokufa kwakhe ayengakaze iphindwe futhi.
Ucwaningo olunzima mayelana nomthelela wemisebe
Ngo-1954, ukuhlolwa okumbi kwenziwa eMelika ngenxa yabakhileyo baseMarshall Islands. Abantu babonwe ukuwa kwe-radioactive. Ucwaningo lwalubizwa ngokuthi "Project 4.1". Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala isithombe sasingacacile, kodwa emva kweminyaka emine umphumela ubonakala. Izingane zaqala ukuhlolisisa umdlavuza wegciwane, futhi cishe wonke umuntu wesithathu ohlala kulezi ziqhingi wahlushwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-neoplasms. Ngenxa yalokho, umnyango wekomidi lezamandla uthe abahloli abadingeki ukuba benze lezi zifundo, kodwa ukuhlinzeka usizo kwalabo abahlukunyeziwe.
4. Akuyona indlela yokwelashwa, kodwa ukuhlukunyezwa
Kuhle ukuthi imithi ayimi futhi iqhubeka njalo, ngoba izindlela zangaphambili zokwelashwa zaziyizo, ukuzibeka ngobumnene, hhayi ukuziphatha. Isibonelo, ngo-1840, uDkt. Walter Johnson waphatha inyumoniya ye-typhoid ngamanzi abilayo. Ezinyangeni eziningi wahlola le nqubo ngezigqila. UJonathan uchaze ngokucacile ukuthi indoda ethile eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala yahlukunyezwa kanjani, yafaka isisu sayo yamisa ngamalitha angu-19 amanzi abilayo. Emva kwalokhu, le nqubo kwakudingeka iphindwe njalo emva kwamahora amane, okwathi, ngokusho kukadokotela, kwakufanele kubuyiselwe ukujikeleza kwe-capillary. UJ Jones uthi ugcine abaningi, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele.
5. I-Korea Efihlekile Neyingozi eNyakatho Korea
Izwe elivaliwe kakhulu lapho, empeleni, ukuhlolwa okungafani kungenziwa, (namanje akekho ozokwazi ngabo) - North Korea. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi amalungelo omuntu aphulwa lapho, izifundo ezifana nezamaNazi phakathi nempi zenziwa. Isibonelo, owesifazane owayekhonza isikhathi esithile ejele laseNyakatho yaseKorea uthi iziboshwa zaphoqeleka ukuba zidle iklabishi enobuthi, futhi abantu bafa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 emva kokuhlanza igazi. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi kukhona amakamelo okubhubhisa izibuko emajele, lapho yonke imindeni iboshwe futhi ibuthiwe negesi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abacwaningi babheka ukuhlupheka kwabantu.
6. Ukuzama okubangele ukucasuka okujwayelekile
Ngo-1939, eYunivesithi yase-Iowa, uWendell Johnson kanye nomfundi wakhe oqeqeshwe iziqu baqhuba isilingo esivela ebusuku lapho izintandane zitholakala khona ziyizifundo zokuhlola. Izingane zahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili kanti omunye waqala ukukhuthazwa futhi adunyiswa ngokushelela kokukhuluma, kanti okwesibili - ukuphendula ngokugxeka nangokungalungile ngezinkinga ze-logopedic. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane ezikhuluma ngendlela evamile futhi zivezwe yithonya elibi, zathola ukushiyeka kwenkulumo yokuphila. Ukugcina idumela leyunivesithi eyaziwa kakhulu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa yafihlwa isikhathi eside, futhi ngo-2001 abaphathi baletha ukuxolisa komphakathi.
7. Izivivinyo ezihlobene namanje kagesi
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, ukwelashwa okwethuka kagesi kwakuthandwa kakhulu. UDkt. Robert Bartolow waqaphela ukuhlolwa okuyingqayizivele, okwelapha owesifazane ophethwe yisilonda ekhanda. Kwenzeka ngo-1847. I-ulcer isakazeka endaweni enkulu, ibhubhisa ithambo, ngenxa yalokho okwakwazi ukubona ubuchopho besifazane. Udokotela wanquma ukusizakala ngalokhu futhi wenza umphumela wamanje ngokuqondile esithombeni. Ekuqaleni isiguli saba nomuzwa okhululekile, kodwa ngemuva kokuwela ku-coma futhi safa. Abantu bavukela, ngakho uBartolou kwadingeka athuthe.
8. Ukubhujiswa kwabantu abanezimiso ezingezona zendabuko
Kusemhlabeni wanamuhla emazweni amaningi ukuthi umphakathi ubekezelela abantu abanezinkambo ezingezona zendabuko, futhi ngaphambi kokuba bafune ukuhlukanisa nokubhubhisa. Esikhathini esukela ngo-1971 kuya ku-1989 ezibhedlela zempi zaseNingizimu Afrika kwasetshenziswa uhlelo "Aversia", oluhloswe ekuqedeni ubungqingili. Ngenxa yalokho, amasosha angaba ngu-900 bobabili bobulili ahlushwa izinhlolo eziningana ezingekho emthethweni nezesabekayo zezokwelapha.
Okokuqala, kuyamangaza ukuthi abapristi "bathola ukuthi" abangqingili. Okokuqala, "iziguli" zathola ukwelapha izidakamizwa, futhi uma kungekho miphumela, abagula ngengqondo bashintsha ngezindlela eziqhamukayo: ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal kanye nokwesabisa. Injabulo yabalingisi ayizange iphele lapho, futhi amasosha ompofu ayebhekene ne-chemical castration, kanti abanye bashintsha ubulili babo.
9. Ukuvulwa okwesabekayo kwe-White House
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaBarack Obama, uhulumeni wakhela ikomidi lokuphenya elaqhuba uphenyo futhi lithola ukuthi ngo-1946 i-White House abaxhasi abaxhasiwe abaxhaphaza ngamabomu i-syphilis nama-Guatemalans angu-1,300. Ukuhlolwa kwaphela iminyaka emibili, futhi umgomo wabo kwakuwukwembula ukuphumelela kwe-penicillin ekwelapheni lesi sifo.
Abacwaningi baye benza okubi: bahlawula izifebe, lapho basakaza khona lesi sifo phakathi kwamasosha, iziboshwa kanye nabantu abanezifo ezingqondweni. Lezi zisulu azizange zisole ukuthi zigula. Ngenxa yomzamo, abantu abangu-83 bafa ngenxa ye-syphilis. Lapho konke kuvulekile, uBarack Obama ucele uxolongo kuhulumeni kanye nabantu baseGuatemala.
10. Ukuhlolwa kwezingqondo zejele
Ngo-1971, isazi sezokwelapha uPhilip Zimbardo wanquma ukuqhuba ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi abantu bathinteka kanjani ekuthunjweni nalabo abanamandla. Abafundi bokuzithandela eStanford University bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu: iziboshwa kanye nabalindi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakukhona umdlalo "ejele". Isazi sezengqondo sathola ukusabela okungalindelekile kubantu abasha, ngakho-ke, labo ababengumsebenzi wabalindi, baqala ukubonisa ukuthambekela okudabukisayo, futhi "iziboshwa" zaveza ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo nokungabi namandla. UZimbardo wayeka ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kwesikhashana, ngoba ukudumazeka ngokomzwelo kwakukhanya kakhulu.
11. Ucwaningo lwezempi lokufa
Kusukela kolwazi olulandelayo akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungagcini. Ngesikhathi se-Sino-Japanese kanye neMpi Yezwe II, kwakukhona iqembu lempi lokucwaninga lempi yezemvelo kanye namakhemikhali, elibizwa ngokuthi i- "Block 731". U-Siro Ishii wamyalela futhi wayengenangqondo, njengoba ecabanga ngabantu futhi aqhuba i-vivisection (ukuvulwa kwezidalwa eziphilayo), ngisho nabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuxoshwa kanye nokuqothulwa kwamalungu, kwaletha izinhlobo zezifo ezihlukahlukene zezifo. Futhi iziboshwa zazisetshenziswa njengezinhloso eziphilayo zokuhlola izikhali.
Ukushaqeka ulwazi lokuthi emva kokuphela kobudlova u-Ishii bekungenakuvikelwa kwamagunya aseMelika. Ngenxa yalokho, wachitha usuku olulodwa etilongweni futhi wafa eminyakeni engu-67 yomdlavuza we-larynx.
Uphenyo oluyingozi lwezinsizakalo zemfihlo ze-USSR
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwakukhona isisekelo esiyimfihlo lapho bahlola umphumela wezinyosi kubantu. Izihloko zazibizwa ngokuthi "izitha zabantu." Izifundo azenzanga nje kuphela, kodwa ukuthola ukuthi imakhemikhali engakwazi ukubonakala ngemva kokufa komuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, isidakamizwa sitholiwe futhi sabizwa ngokuthi "K-2." OFakazi bathi ngaphansi kokuthonya kwalesi sifo umuntu ulahlekelwa amandla, uba, njengokungathi aphansi, futhi afe imizuzu engu-15.