Ehlakazwe emhlabeni wonke, amaJuda ayevame ukushushiswa nokubulawa kwezinsongo. Ngezinye izikhathi uhulumeni wamazwe lapho abadingisiwe bahlala khona, waze wenza ngisho nokuqothulwa kobugebengu kwangempela kumaJuda, ukudweba ngokuphelele abantu abangafuneki. Abantu abangenamalungelo babalekela ngaphandle ngasese befuna isiphephelo esisha lapho kwenzeka amangahemu mayelana nokubulawa kwabantu okubangelwa igazi. Kodwa ngisho nokushiya yonke impahla yabo, imindeni enezingane eziningi ayikwazanga ukubalekela njalo. Yingakho amacala okusindiswa okukhulu kwamaJuda avela kuma-pogroms ayenamathekisthi kanye nezenzakalo ezikhethekile zenziwa ngokuhlonipha lezo zenzakalo. Iholide yamaJuda kaPurim nayo ingabalwa ngenxa yenani labo, ngoba umlando wayo usekelwe eqinisweni eliyiqiniso lokusindiswa okumangalisayo kwabantu bamaJuda basePheresiya lasendulo abavela ezinkambeni ezikhohlisayo zezitha zabantwana bakwa-Israyeli.
Umlando weholide yamaJuda kaPurim
Umbuso wasePheresiya ngalezi zikhathi ezide (486-465 BC) wabusa u-Aritahishashita ononya nowaphanga. Mayelana nendawo engathandeki futhi engalindelekile yale nkosi yasePheresiya ithi iqiniso lokubulawa komkakhe wokuqala, owazama ukumelana nesifiso somyeni wakhe sokudansa ngaphambi kwekampani eliphoqile lezivakashi eziphakeme. Ngendlela, iseluleko esinonya sanikwa umbusi umeluleki u-Aman, ozobe eseba ngumlando omkhulu emlandweni wethu.
Ukudabuka kwakungekho emithethweni yenkosi u-Artahishashita, futhi ngokushesha wanquma ukuthola omusha omncane, ephoqelela ukuletha esigodlweni ubuhle obuhle bombuso. Lapho ekhetha u-hostess omusha, wayethandwa kakhulu u-Esteri omuhle kakhulu. Ngisho nangaphandle kokubuza mayelana nemvelaphi yalona wesifazane othakazelisayo, u-Aritahishashita wamemezela ngokushesha lomshado. Khona-ke kwavela ukuthi u-Esteri wayengumzala owaziwa wonke umJuda uMoridekayi, owasindisa umbusi kulolu daba eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule. Kodwa okokuqala mayelana nezimpande zamaJuda, umfazi omusha wanquma ukuthula futhi ugcine yonke into eyimfihlo, kuze kube yilapho u-Aman okhohlisayo eqala ukwakha izinkanuko ezintsha.
UMoridekayi wayedume ngokuzinikela kwakhe nokuthembeka, kodwa wenqaba ngokujulile ukuwa ngamadolo phambi kwenkosana enamandla onke. UHamani wayengenalutho, futhi wanquma ukujezisa wonke amaJuda njengesijeziso. Ngendlela, intukuthelo kumaJuda kulo muntu nayo yachazwa ngokuvela kwakhe. Okhokho bomeluleki babengama-Amalekite angamaqhawe ayelokhu ehlala e-loggerheads nabantwana bakwa-Israyeli. Ethembele ekuthandweni kwawonkulunkulu bamaqaba, wenza inkatho futhi wabeka usuku lokubulala - usuku lweshumi nanhlanu lwenyanga ka-Adari. Uma ngaphambilini wayengazi ukuthi igama leholidi likaPurim lisho ukuthini, kufanele udinga izimpande zegama ngolimi lwase-Old Persian. Ivela egameni elithi "pur", elihunyushwe ngokuthi inkatho yokuphonsa.
Nguye kuphela umlamuleli wabantu bamaJuda owayengaba u-Esteri omuhle kuphela. Wachitha izinsuku ezintathu namanye amaJuda abambelele ngokuqinile, wangena ekamelweni lika-Artahishashita ononya. Owesifazane ohlakaniphile waphuza futhi wondla umyeni wakhe, wabe esemhlela kakhulu kangangokuba wathembisa ukugcwalisa noma yikuphi ukushaywa komkakhe. Indaba yowesifazane mayelana nenkohlakalo yomeluleki oyinhloko yaholela umbusi onamandla onke ukuba athukuthele. UHamani okhohlisayo wabulawa, futhi amaJuda avunyelwa ukuba ahlasele futhi avikele, okwaholela ekuqothulweni kwezihlobo zesikhonzi sangaphambili kanye nezinkulungwane zezingxenye zakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amaJuda ayelokhu ebambelela kakhulu eholidini lasePurimi futhi ehlala ewugubha njalo.
Iholidi elihle lePurim ligujwa kanjani manje?
Abaningi banenkinga yokuqaphela ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ezizogubha iholidi lePurim ngalokhu noma kulo nyaka. Imikhosi ihlale ihlaselwa ngo-14 no-15 i-adar, ewela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ukuguqulwa kwezinsuku kubangelwa ukuthi unyaka wonyaka uncane kunomnyaka welanga iminyaka eyishumi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, uma ngo-2016 iPurim igubha ngoMashi 23-24, ngakho-ke ngo-2017 leli holide kuzoba khona
Kukho okushiwo kuTorah of Purim, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi usebenze ngalolu suku, kodwa akusifisi. Emasinagogeni emkhosini bafunde ngokucophelela imiqulu ka-Esteri mayelana nezenzakalo zasendulo kusihlwa nakusasa ngosuku olulandelayo. Igama le-villain u-Aman lixhaswe kabi yizilaleli futhi lizama ukugwinya umsindo wezintambo. Khona-ke kuqhutshwa ukuqhutshwa komkhosi, abantu baphuza iwayini futhi banike amaswidi angaphandle, amaJuda acebile anika abampofu iminikelo. Izitsha zendabuko zikhona eholidini le-Purim patties ye- shape engunxantathu ngokugcwalisa ama-poppy, amantongomane nezithelo ezomisiwe . Ngendlela, la maswidi amnandi abizwa ngokuthi "izindlebe zikaHamani".