Ukwanda kwesifo samangqamuzana kunoma iyiphi indawo yesikhumba, kufaka phakathi isikhumba sobuso kanye nekhanda, kubizwa ngokuthi ama-neoplasms. Ama-neoplasms ahluke ngezinga lokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, ikhono lokumelana nezinye izitho namagciwane, futhi kubangele ukudakwa nokukhathala ngomphumela obulalayo olandelayo. Kuye ngalesi sikhwama esikhumbeni singahlukaniswa ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- ibhendi;
- okubi;
- umngcele.
I-neoplasm ye-benign yesikhumba
Lokhu kufaka:
- ama-warts nama-warts;
- i-nevi (izikhumbuzo zokubeletha nezindawo zokubeletha);
- i-papillomas;
- izicubu ezivela ezigulini: izilinganiso (ngokuthuthumela), i-adenomas ne-atheromas (kusukela ekuziphenduleleni);
- i-hemangiomas ne-lymphangiomas (ephuma egazini nasezikhungweni ze-lymphatic);
- izicubu ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezicubu: i-fibromas (kusukela ekuxhumaneni), i-leiomyomas (ephuma emisipha), i-lipomas (ephuma emanzini);
- izicubu ze-neurogenic zezinzwa zezinzwa namafayili, nabanye.
Ama-Warts, ama-warts nama-papillomas abangelwa yi-papillomavirus yabantu. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-papillomas zenzeka ngokuvuvukala okungapheli kwesikhumba nama-membrane emangcwabeni. Ama-nevus azalwa ngokocansi noma atholakale, avela kunoma yikuphi ubudala.
I-neoplasm ye-benign esikhumbeni ingenzeka ngokulimala, i-X-rays nokushisa kwelanga, lapho ibonakala esikhunjeni sezinto ezinonya, ngezifo zesikhumba zamanje ezihlala isikhathi eside. Akuyona indima encane edlalwa yinhlawulo yefa. Amaseli esifo sofuba ahluke kakhulu, ukukhula kuhamba kancane, akukho ukuhluma ezindaweni ezikude.
Kumngcele we-boundline (precancerous) ongakwazi ukuthwala:
- inqwaba yezinhlamvu;
- i-senile keratosis;
- i-pigment xeroderma;
- keratoacanthoma;
- umbala we-pigment ne-border.
Uma izicubu ezingenamkhawulo kufanele zigwenywe ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwesikhumba, kungabandakanyi umthelela wezici ezinonya esikhumbeni, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwakhe. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuba uqapha ngokucophelela lezi zakhiwo, uma kungekho mbuzo wokuthola ukwelapha ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, izilonda zesikhumba ezinobungozi nezihle zingcono zisuswe (ikakhulukazi ukukhula kwangaphambi komdlavuza), ngoba kuhlale kunengozi yokuguqulwa kwazo zibe yisisu somdlavuza.
I-neoplasm engcolile yesikhumba
Isisu esiyingozi kunazo zonke i-melanoma. Ukugxila okuyinhloko njalo kulesi sikhumba. Ngokuvamile i-melanoma ikhiwa kusukela ku-vus pigment ekuhlukumezweni kwayo, ukuthukwa ngokweqile. I-tumor iyiplanethi enezingqimba ezingavamile noma ukwakheka okwenziwe nge-nevus nge-surface enamafu ehlanganiswe ne-blood crusts. Imfundo kancane kancane isanda usayizi futhi ngokushesha inikeza metastases. Ukuhlolisiswa kwe-melanoma kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-phosphorus e-radioactive, ehlanganisa izicubu izikhathi ezingu-10 ngaphezu kwezicubu ezinempilo, besebenzisa i-cytological smears--prints, i-histological examination.
Ama-neoplasms angcolile yesikhumba nawo afaka i-basal cell ne-epithelioma (squamous cell carcinoma). I-basaloma iyigugu elimhlophe elimbozwe nge-crust. Okuqakathekileko ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa iphenduka i-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba. I-epithelioma inzima kakhulu kune-basal cell, ihlinzeka ngokushesha ngama-lymph node, ngemva kwalokho isimo sesiguli siwohloka ngokushesha. Ukufa kubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-tumor, ngenxa yokudakwa komdlavuza nokudangala komzimba.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-neoplasm yesikhumba
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokuxilongwa ngokuhlukile kwezicubu zesikhumba, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
- ukuhlolisisa kanye nokunaka;
- indlela ye-thermometric;
- isifundo se-radioisotope;
- ucwaningo lwe-morphological (cytology, histology);
- uphenyo lwama-lymph nodes wesifunda;
- izindlela zokucwaninga ze-laboratory kanye nezindlela zokwenza ucwaningo lwezinto ezisemthethweni ukukhipha amametasethi kwezinye izitho, njll.
Ukwelashwa kwe-neoplasm yesikhumba
Ukukhetha indlela yokwelapha, udokotela ucabangela uhlobo lwe-tumor, indawo yayo, isiteji, isakhiwo sakhe, isimo sesisindo esiseduze. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
- ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-neoplasms yesikhumba, kubandakanya i-laser ne-cryogenic;
- ukwelashwa kwemisebe;
- i-chemotherapy;
- kuhlangene.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, uye kudokotela ukuze wenze ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, okuzovumela umuntu ukuba asindise ukuphila.