Umsebenzi odumile wama-classic we-FM Dostoevsky "Ubugebengu nokujezisa" ngumlando womfundi owenze ubugebengu obubi. Kuloveli, umbhali uthinta imibuzo eminingi engokwenhlalo, yengqondo nefilosofi eqondene nomphakathi wanamuhla. Imfundiso kaRaskolnikov ibilokhu iboniswa iminyaka eminengi.
Iyini inkolelo kaRaskolnikov?
I-protagonist, ngenxa yokuzindla okude, yafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi abantu bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Abokuqala bangabantu abangenza noma yini abayifunayo ngaphandle kokulalela umthetho. Eqenjini lesibili, wafaka abantu abangenamalungelo, abangabanakwa ukuphila kwabo. Lokhu kuyinhloko esemqoka yombono kaRaskolnikov, obuye ufanele emphakathini wanamuhla. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi baphakeme kwabanye, bephula imithetho futhi benza noma yini abayithandayo. Kulesi sibonelo, ungaletha ama-majors.
Ekuqaleni, i-protagonist yomsebenzi yabona ukuthi inhlanhla yakhe yayiyi-joke, kodwa lapho ecabanga kakhulu ngakho, ukucabanga kwakubonakala kunengqondo. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlukanisa bonke abantu abakuzungezile baba yizigaba futhi bahlolwe kuphela ngokuvumelana nemigomo yakhe. Izazi zengqondo ziye zafakazela ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukuzikhohlisa ngezinto ezahlukene, ukucabanga ngazo njalo. Inkolelo kaRaskolnikov iyimbonakaliso yokuzimela ngokweqile.
Izizathu zokudalwa kwengqondo kaRaskolnikov
Akuzona nje abathandi bezincwadi, kodwa futhi nabachwepheshe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, bafunde umsebenzi kaDostoevsky ngokucophelela ukuze bagcizelele imvelaphi yenhlalo nefilosofi yencazelo kaRaskolnikov.
- Ngezizathu zokuziphatha ezenza iqhawe lenze ubugebengu, omunye angase afake isifiso sokuqonda ukuthi yiyiphi isigaba sabantu abakubo nokuhlupheka kwabampofu abahlazekile.
- Kunezinye izizathu zokuvela kwembono kaRaskolnikov: ubuphofu obukhulu, umqondo wokuphila okungabi nabulungisa nokulahlekelwa izimpawu zomhlaba siqu.
U-Raskolnikov wafika kanjani ekufundiseni kwakhe?
Umlingisi oyinhloko kuwo wonke amanoveli uzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyabangela isenzo esibi. Umbono wobuntu obunamandla u- Raskolnikov uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuze abantu abaningi baphile ngokujabula, abancane kumele babhujiswe. Ngenxa yokuzindla isikhathi eside nokucabangela izimo ezihlukene, uRoodon wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ungowesigaba esiphezulu sabantu. Abathandi bezincwadi babeka phambili izisusa eziningana ezenza ukuba enze ubugebengu:
- ithonya lemvelo nabantu;
- isifiso sokuba mkhulu;
- isifiso sokuthola imali;
- ukungathandi ngowesifazane omdala ongenalutho futhi ongenamsebenzi;
- isifiso sokuhlola inkolelo yakho.
Iyini inkolelo kaRaskolnikov eya kubantu abahluphekile?
Umlobi weCriminal and Punishment wayefuna encwadini yakhe ukuveza ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu kubo bonke abantu. Cishe wonke amakhasi aloveli abonisa ubumpofu, isizungu nokuqina kwabantu. Eqinisweni, inoveli, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1866, ifana kakhulu nomphakathi wanamuhla, okwenza ngokucacile ukunganaki komakhelwane. Imfundiso kaRoodon Raskolnikov iqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona abantu abahluphekile abangenalo ithuba lokuphila impilo ehloniphekile, futhi okuthiwa "abaholi bokuphila" benesikhwama esikhulu.
Kuyini ukuphikisana kwenkolelo kaRaskolnikov?
Isithombe se-protagonist sinokungahambisani okungahle kulandelwe kulo lonke umsebenzi. U-Raskolnikov ungumuntu ozwelayo ongahambi nosizi lwabanye, futhi ufuna ukusiza labo abaswele, kodwa uRood uyaqonda ukuthi akakwazi ukushintsha izindlela zokuphila. Noma kunjalo, unikeza inkolelo ephikisana ngokuphelele nezimiso zokuphila .
Ukuthola ukuthi iphutha lombono kaRaskolnikov ungubani le hero ngokwakhe, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ulindele ukuthi uzosiza ukuphulukana nokufa futhi aqale ukuphila ngendlela entsha. Kulesi simo, leli hero lizuze umphumela ophambene kakhulu, futhi uwela esimweni esingenathemba nakakhulu. U-Rodion wayebathande abantu, kodwa ngemuva kokubulawa kwalowo wesifazane omdala, akakwazi nje ukuba nabo, lokhu kusebenza ngisho nakumama. Zonke lezi ziphikisana zibonisa ukuthi ukungapheleli kwendiza kuthuthukile.
Iyini ingozi yenkolelo kaRaskolnikov?
Uma sicabanga ukuthi umbono owenziwe nguDostoevsky ngokusebenzisa imicabango ye-protagonist uye waba kakhulu, umphumela womphakathi kanye nomhlaba wonke unomsindo kakhulu. Iphuzu lombono kaRaskolnikov wukuthi abantu abavelele kwezinye izindlela, isibonelo, amathuba emali, bangakwazi "ukucacisa" umgwaqo ukuze bazuze, benze noma yini abayifunayo, kuhlanganise nokubulala. Uma abantu abaningi bephila ngalesi simiso, izwe lizoyeka ukuphela, ngokushesha noma kamuva, okuthiwa "abancintisana" bazobhubhisa.
Kuyo yonke inoveli, uRoonon ubhekene nokuhlushwa kokuziphatha, okuvame ukuthatha izinhlobo ezahlukene. Inkolelo kaRaskolnikov iyingozi ngoba iqhawe lizama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuzitshela ukuthi isenzo sakhe siqinisile, ngoba wayefuna ukusiza umndeni wakhe, kodwa yena ngokwakhe akafuni lutho. Inamba enkulu yabantu yenza ubugebengu, ukucabanga ngale ndlela, lokho akusho ukuthi lilungele isinqumo sabo.
Izinzuzo kanye nokuqothulwa kwenkolelo kaRaskolnikov
Ekuqaleni, kungase kubonakale ukuthi azikho izinhlangothi eziqondile emcimbini wokuhlukanisa umphakathi, kodwa uma yonke imiphumela embi ilahlwa, khona-ke isifiso somuntu ukuba ujabule. Umbono kaRaskolnikov welungelo lobuntu obunamandla ubonisa ukuthi abaningi balwela ukuphila okungcono futhi bayinjini yentuthuko. Ngokuqondene namaminithi, kukhona okuningi kuwo, futhi abalulekile kubantu ababelana ngemibono ye-protagonist yenanveli.
- Isifiso sokuhlukanisa wonke amakilasi amabili, okungaba nemiphumela emibi, isibonelo, izethulo ezinjalo zifana noNazism. Bonke abantu bahlukile, kodwa balingana phambi kukaNkulunkulu, ngakho-ke isifiso sokuphakama kunabanye akulungile.
- Enye ingozi yokuthi inkolelo kaRaskolnikov iletha emhlabeni ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi indlela ekuphileni. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi ezweni lanamuhla baphila ngesimiso esithi "ukuphela kuqinisekisa izindlela", okuholela emiphumeleni embi.
Yini eyavimbela uRaskolnikov ukuba aphile ngokuvumelana nenkolelo yakhe?
Inkinga yonke ikhona eqinisweni lokuthi ukudala ekhanda lakhe "isithombe esihle" uRoonon akazange acabangele izici zokuphila kwangempela. Awukwazi ukwenza umhlaba ube ngcono ngokubulala omunye umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungubani. Okushiwo yi-theory kaRaskolnikov kuyaqondakala, kodwa akuzange kucatshangelwe ukuthi lona wesifazane omdala wayeyisixhumanisi sokuqala ekungabikho kokungabi nabulungisa futhi, ekukhipheni, akunakwenzeka ukubhekana nazo zonke izinkinga zomhlaba. Abantu abazama ukungena ngemali yabanye akulungile ukubiza impande yenkinga, ngoba kungumphumela kuphela.
Amaqiniso eqinisekisa inkolelo kaRaskolnikov
Ezweni, ungathola isibalo esikhulu sezibonelo lapho umqondo ohlongozwayo yi-protagonist wenanveli kusetshenzisiwe. Ungakhumbula u-Stalin noHitler, abafuna ukuhlanza abantu abangenasifanele, nokuthi yiziphi izenzo zalaba bantu abaholela kuzo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwengqondo kaRaskolnikov kungabonakala ekuziphatheni kwentsha ecebile, okuthiwa yi "majors", abangazange banakekele imithetho, babhidlize izimpilo zabantu abaningi. I-hero efanayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umqondo wakhe, wenza ukubulala, kodwa ekugcineni uyayiqonda ukukhathazeka kwesenzo.
Umbono kaRaskolnikov kanye nokuwa kwawo
Umsebenzi awubonakali nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uphikisa ngokuphelele inkolelo engavamile. Ukuze ashintshe isinqumo sakhe, u-Rodion kufanele akhuthazelele ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo nangokomzimba okuningi. Inkolelo kaRaskolnikov kanye nokuwa kwayo kwenzeka ngemuva kokubona iphupho, lapho abantu bebhubhisa khona futhi umhlaba uphela. Khona-ke uqala kancane kancane ukubuyisela ukholo ngokuhle. Ekugcineni, uyaqonda ukuthi wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki isimo sakhe, kufanele ajabule.
Lapho echaza indlela indaba kaRaskolnikov ephikisiwe ngayo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma iqiniso elilodwa elilula: injabulo ayikwazi ukwakhelwa ebugebengu. Ubudlova, ngisho noma kungenzeka ukuba ulungele nganoma yimiphi imigomo ephezulu, kubi. I hero ngokwakhe uvuma ukuthi akabulali owesifazane osekhulile, kodwa wazibulala yena. Ukuwa kwembono kaRaskolnikov kwabonakala ngisho nasekuqaleni kwesiphakamiso sakhe, ngoba kwakungeke kwenzeke ukufakazela ukubonakaliswa kobuntu.
Ingabe inkolelo kaRaskolnikov iyaphila namuhla?
Noma kunjalo kuyadabukisa, umqondo wokuhlukanisa abantu emakilasini ukhona. Ukuphila kwanamuhla kunzima futhi isimiso "osindile kunazo zonke" senza abaningi bawenze izenzo ezingahambisani nokuziphatha . Uma uqhuba ucwaningo, ngubani ohlala namuhla ngokwemfundiso kaRaskolnikov, khona-ke, umuntu ngamunye, cishe, angabangela isibonelo sabantu abathile abasendaweni yakhe. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo sezomnotho ukubaluleka kwemali elawula umhlaba.