Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingenye yezifo ezivame ukwelashwa. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abadala abangu-98% emzimbeni banamagciwane okulwa nalesi sifo. Lezi zifo zibhekisela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezingalawulwayo. Akukho ukugoma ngokumelene nalesi sifo, ngakho-ke, ukusabalalisa kwawo akukwazi ukuphazamiseka.
I-Epstein-Barr virus - iyini?
Yatholwa kuqala ngo-1964 ngamasampuli amathumba. Wavulwa nguProfesa Michael Epstein nomsizi wakhe uYvonne Barr. Ukuzihlonipha, futhi wabiza igciwane. Ezokwelapha, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-VEB. Le micorganism enonya ingeyomndeni wamagciwane akhethekile. Nokho, ngokungafani nezinye amagciwane kuleli qembu, ukukhubazeka akubangele ukufa, kodwa kuthinta kancane amaseli. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlobo lwe-4 herpes virus luvusa ukubukeka kwezingubo zomzimba. Le nqubo yokwelapha ibizwa ngokuthi "ukukhula." Kubonisa ukusabalala kwamathambo.
I-virus ye-Epstein-Barr ihanjiswa kanjani?
Umthombo we-pathology ngumuntu onegciwane. Kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abazungezile esigabeni sokugcina sesikhathi sokutshala. Ngisho nangemva kokuba lesi sifo sinqotshwe, umzimba wesiguli uyaqhubeka unikezela i-pathogen eminye iminyaka engu-1.5. I-Epstein-Barr igciwane lokudlulisa igciwane lalaba:
- Indlela ye-Aerogenic - ingozi yimbangela yokubeka amathe namakhaza avela ku-oropharynx. Ukutheleleka kungenziwa nge-kiss, ingxoxo, ukukhwehlela noma ukukhipha.
- Ukuxhumana nomndeni. Ama-fragments we-sali egciniwe angagcina ezitsheni, amathawula nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.
- Indlela yokumpontshelwa. Amagciwane angena emzimbeni ngemuva kokumpontshelwa kwegazi eligciwane.
- Lapho ukudluliselwa komnyoba we-bone - kusukela kumnikezeli onegciwane kuya kumamukeli.
- Indlela ehamba phambili isuka ekukhulelweni kokuzalwa.
I-agent emva kokungena emzimbeni ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic, futhi kusukela lapho ludluliselwa ezithombeni ezihlukene. Esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, ukufa kwegazi kwamangqamuzana e-pathogenic kwenzeka ngokuyingxenye. Abaseleyo bayandisa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugula kusukela esiteji sokuqala kudlulela esigabeni esiyingozi, futhi izimpawu zesifo ziqala ukubonakalisa.
Iyini igciwane eliyingozi le-Epstein-Barr?
Ukubonakaliswa okulula kwalesi sifo kuyisifo esithathelwanayo se-mononucleosis. Kubizwa nangokuthi isifo sikaFilatov. Ngomkhuhlane oqinile, lesi sifo sinomnene. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njenge-classic infectation virus. Kulesi sigaba, umzimba uveza ama-antibodies epilweni ye-Epstein-Barr. Esikhathini esizayo, i-immunoglobulins igodla umsebenzi we-agents.
Uma ukuzivikela kunamandla futhi ukwelashwa kukhethwe kahle, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr ngeke lidale noma yimiphi imiphumela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umuntu uyoba nomkhuhlane wansuku zonke kule ngozi. Ngesistimu yokuzivikela ebuthakathaka, akuvamile ukuthi alulame ngokuphelele. Igciwane liqhubeka nomsebenzi walo obalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, okuthinta izitho zalo nezinhlelo. Ngenxa yalokho, izifo ezinzima zingakhula.
Izifo zeziphi igciwane le-Epstein-Barr elibangela?
Lesi sifo singabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathologi ayingozi. I-Epstein-Barr virus idala izinkinga ezifana nalezi:
- i-syndrome engapheliyo;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid;
- izifo ezingokwemvelo (umdlavuza wesisu, izicubu zellymid, amathoni, amathumbu njalonjalo);
- i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya;
- i-anemia;
- i-meningitis;
- i-hepatitis enobuthi;
- i-lupus erythematosus;
- izifo zegazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinguquko ezinkulu emsebenzini wokuzivikela. Isiguli sithandana nezifo ezithathelwanayo njalo. Ngisho namacala alotshiwe lapho umuntu ehlulwa khona eziguleni, lapho kutholakala khona ukuzivikela okuqinile. Isibonelo, ingaba isishukela, inkukhu, i-rubella njalonjalo. Esimweni esifanayo sesimiso somzimba omzimba ngesimo esibi, i-cytomegalovirus ne-herpes simplex zenzeka.
I-Epstein-Barr virus ekukhulelwe
Lesi sifo esikhathini sokubeletha ingane sinzima kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, kuphephile ngokuphelele owesifazane nomntwana, kanti kwenye ingozi kakhulu. I-Epstein-Barr virus ekukhulelwe ingabangela izifo ezinjalo:
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu;
- ukukhulelwa okubandayo;
- umonakalo emehlweni ensana;
- isisindo esincane somntwana;
- ukungasebenzi komshini wokuphefumula kwengane;
- i-chroniosepsis;
- ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa emntwaneni.
Kodwa-ke, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr IgG akuyona yingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzo zonke izimo. Uma owesifazane ehlolwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kanye namagciwane akhe atholakele egazini, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi usulelekile, kodwa umzimba uhlangane ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, owesifazane esikhathini sokubeletha kuyodingeka athathe ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCR 5-7 izikhathi. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba uqaphele isimo futhi, uma kunesidingo, uqale ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Okuyingozi ngekusasa lomama ne-fetus yi-antigens yohlobo lwe-IgG-EA olutholakala egazini. Ukuba khona kwabo kubonisa ukuthi igciwane le-Epstein-Barr laphinde lavuselelwa. Kulolu daba, udokotela uzohlinzekela inkambo ekhethekile yokwelapha. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuhloswe ukwethula i-agent endaweni engasebenzi. Kule fomu, uyobe ephephile ngokuphelele kokubili owesifazane nomntwana ukuba azalwe.
I-Epstein-Barr virus - i-symptomatology
Lesi sifo sinezinkathi ezintathu: ukufakelwa ukushisa, isigaba esibucayi nesimo esingapheli. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka, lesi sifo sinzima. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nezibonakaliso:
- ukubomvu kwamagceke ensimbi;
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba ku-38 ° C;
- ukunyanyiswa kwamanzi .
I-Herpes simplex virus hlobo 4 izimpawu zesigaba esiyingozi ingaba nalezi:
- ukushisa komzimba kuphakama ku-40 ° C;
- i- lymph nodes ekhulisiwe;
- izwi liba yisisindo;
- kusuka kumathoni kukhona ukukhishwa kwe-purulent;
- kukhona ukwanda ngobukhulu besibindi nesipere;
- ukuqhuma isikhumba kubonakala emzimbeni.
I-Epstein-Barr igciwane lesifo esimweni esingapheli salesifo yilendlela elandelayo:
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ubuhlungu emajoyini nasemisipha;
- ukukhunjulwa kwememori nokusabalalisa ukunakwa;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ikhanda;
- i-thrush ;
- i-herpes ezindebe .
I-Epstein-Barr virus - ukuxilongwa
Njengoba lesi sifo sinokufana kakhulu nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqashwe ukwelashwa udokotela uzokutusa isiguli ukuba sihlole. Thola ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-Epstein-Barr kuzosiza. Isiguli sibhekana nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-immunological. Kudingeka adlulise ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kanye nokuphila kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sinikezwe izifundo zokuthola izimpendulo ze-serological.
Uma kunesidingo, udokotela angancoma izindlela ezengeziwe zokuxilonga:
- I-X-ray yesifuba;
- ukubonisana nomuntu ozivikela nge-immunologist;
- i-test clotting test ;
- ukubonisana ngesifo segazi;
- I-ultrasound yesibindi nesipere;
- Ukubonisana kwe-Oncologist.
I-anti-capgen ye-epstein-Barr virus
Ezokwelapha, i-VCA ekhethiwe. Ama-antigens e-Class G akhiqizwa ngumzimba emasontweni amathathu emva kokuqala kwesigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo. Zingokuphila kwabo bonke labo abaye babe ne-VEB. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr capsid litholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-hematological. Amanani alandelayo (unit / ml) ayisiqondiso:
- ngaphansi kuka-20 - okungalungile;
- ngaphezulu kuka-40 - enhle;
- 20-40 - akungabazeki.
I-antigen ye-nyukliya yegciwane le-Epstein-Barr
Ezokwelapha, i-EBNA ekhethiwe. Ukubona igciwane le nyukliya Epstein-Barr kungaba izinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokutheleleka futhi waqala ukwelapha. Ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kufika. Uma isifundo se-haematological senziwa ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr, ukuhlaziywa kuyoba okulungile ngangokunokwenzeka uma lezi zimo ezilandelayo zihlangene:
- ithunyelwe ngesisu esingenalutho;
- usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, kufanele unike ukudla okuthosiwe kanye namafutha;
- Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlola, imisebenzi yomzimba kufanele ikhishwe.
I-Epstein-Barr virus i-antigen nuclear
Ikhiqizwa ngama-agent aphikelela emaseli omzimba. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr likhiqiza ama-antibodies ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-genome ezingxenyeni zezakhi zofuzo, ezigxilwe ku-nucleus yazo. Ama-antigens alungile ashiya indawo yawo "yokuzalwa" futhi aphume ebusweni bendwangu. Njengoba zakhiwa ezinqamuzaneni zamangqamuzana ezamukelwayo, ama-antibodies anjalo abizwa ngokuthi i-nuclear. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-antigens anjalo aziwa. Ukuze baxilongwe, kusetshenziselwa izifundo ezikhethekile ze-hematological.
I-Epstein-Barr virus - ukwelashwa
Esikhathini esiyinkimbinkimbi yesifo, inkambo ehleliwe inconywa. Ngemuva kokuthi igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lifakwe esimweni esingasebenzi, ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kweziguli ekhaya kungenzeka. Kunconywa ukuthi i-mononucleosis enzima:
- ukuphumula kombhede;
- ukudla okunomsoco okuvamile;
- ukuphuza okuningi;
- Ukukhishwa ekudleni kwemikhiqizo eyenza imithwalo yemithi (ushokoledi, uju, izithelo ze-citrus nokunye);
- ukwenqaba kokudla okunamandla, okunamafutha nosawoti;
- ukucebisa ukudla nemikhiqizo equkethe amavithamini B no-C, nobisi omuncu.
Ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kube okuphelele. Umgomo wayo ukuwuvimbela igciwane, ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga. Nansi indlela yokuphatha imithi ye-Epstein-Barr imithi:
- ama-antibiotics (i-Cefodox, i- Azithromycin , i- Ceftriaxone);
- imithi yama-antiviral (iFosquavir, i-Gerpevir, i-Acyclovir);
- imithi ene-antiviral kanye ne-immunostimulating action (Interferon, Uracil, Cycloferon);
- antihistamines (Cetrin, Suprastin, Loratadine);
- i-immunoglobulins (i-Bioven, iPentaglobin, i-Sandoglobulin);
- ama-sorbents (i-Enterosgel, i-activated carbon);
- izidakamizwa ze-hormonal (Dexamethasone, i-Prednisolone);
- amavithamini (Pikovit, Vitrum, Milgama).
Esimeni ngasinye, uma igciwane le-Epstein-Barr litholakala, ukwelashwa ngabanye kukhethiwe. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike ekukhulekeleni kokubonakaliswa kwesifo kanye nesimo sesiguli somzimba. Uma lesi sifo sidlulile esimweni esingapheli futhi sihambisana nokubonakaliswa okuvamile kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala, ayikho indlela ekhethekile yokulwa nayo. Ukwelapha kuleli cala kuncishiswe ukuqinisa ukuzivikela.
Ingabe igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingelashwa?
Ngeke ukwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa zesizukulwane sanamuhla, i-herpes virus 4 isaqhubeka ikhona ku-B-lymphocytes. Lapha ligcinwe impilo. Uma umuntu enegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, igciwane elibangela isifo sika-Epstein-Barr asisebenzi. Lapho nje ukuzivikela komzimba kwehla, i-VEB idlula esigabeni sokukhushulwa.
I-Epstein-Barr virus - ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu
Ukwelapha okunye okuwukuphela kwendlela akunikezi imiphumela ebonakalayo. It isetshenziswa ngokubambisana nemithi ekhethiwe kahle futhi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. I-Propolis enye yezindlela zemithi yendabuko. Isiqeshana esincane (kuze kube ngu-5 mm ububanzi) kumele sichitheke kuze kuphele ngokuphelele. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lomuthi lisikisela ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuvame ukuthi:
- i-chamomile;
- i-mint;
- i-calendula;
- i-ginseng;
- unina nomama.