Unkulunkulukazi waseSlavic uMarna noma uMara - ukuzibonakalisa kobusuku noKufa, inkosikazi yasebusuku, wesaba futhi wacela isihe. Kodwa akubona bonke abafileyo abathathwe nalesi sibopho sokuphila, kodwa kuphela labo abafanelwe ukuhlala phakade emhlabeni weSlavi. Okhokho bethu badumisa uMarna kabili ngonyaka, kuhlanganise namagama amademoni amaqaba amakhulu eKupala naseDazhdbog, futhi kwakukhona izizathu.
I-Marena - Mythology
Umlando kaMarna wasuka ezintabeni zasendulo zase-Aryan, kusukela lapho zadlulela khona emlandweni wezizwe zaseJalimane, eScandinavia naseCeltic. Ubizwa ngokuthi indodakazi yabawonkulunkulu abaningi bamaqaba uSvarog noLada, udadewabo kaZhiva noLely. Ngokusho kwezinkolelo ezisezinesikhathi eside, unkulunkulukazi wama-Marena unezihloko eziningana:
- inkosikazi yaseBusika;
- inkosikazi ebusuku;
- umgcini wokuphila okuphakade;
- ukufaniswa kwesiphetho;
- i-Lady of Death.
Igama lakhe lifana negama elithi "mor", elihlobene nokufa, kodwa kukhona inkolelo yokuthi le nkulunkulukazi akazange aphazamise ukuphila komuntu, kodwa wammisa ezweni elingunaphakade, wabonisa umphefumulo wakhe indlela yokuhamba: ekukhanyeni kukaNavi noma uSlavi, ukuthi kufanelekile. Okhokho bethu bakholelwa: umphefumulo ongenamqondo ongcolile kaMarna - unkulunkulukazi wamaSlav uhlukanisa nezwe elihlanzekile futhi uthumele abantu abanjalo umhlambi wezinto ezimbi namahloni, ngakho-ke babemele le ndoda ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- abesifazane besimiso esiphakeme, ezembatho ezimnyama;
- owesifazane omdala onobuhlungu obude obunomsindo;
- intombazane enhle ezingubo ezimhlophe.
Usuku lukaMarnakazikazikazikazikazi
Okhokho bakholelwa ukuthi uMarena wayenezinto ezimbili:
- isigodlo seqhwa emazweni asenyakatho;
- ngaphesheya koMfula iSmarodina, ohlukanisa umhlaba we-Yavi noNavi.
Ngakho-ke, uMariya wayenamaholidi amabili ngonyaka:
- Iholide lokuqala yama-Marena laligubha entwasahlobo, ngo-Mashi 1, futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi uNaviy Den noma uVjunitsy. U-Navi wabiza imiphefumulo yabafileyo, okubaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhosi kungumkhosi wokuvuka kwabafileyo, ukuhlonishwa kwemimoya yabokhokho kanye noDaily of peace of Mary. Abahedeni bavusa abafileyo babo emathuneni angcwaba, benza amasiko - iminikelo yokudla nokuphuzwa, ukuze okhokho babo baphile ngokucebile kwelinye izwe.
- Iholide lesibili lawela ekutheni - ngoNovemba 25, lapho zonke izisulu zalethwa kuphela kuMarna, owangena emalungelweni akhe uMdodakazi Wasebusika. Ukuze zizivikele kulo, abantu ngalolu suku baya emanzini futhi baqede izimpukane ezivuthayo emanzini. Lokhu, njengokungathi, wabonisa unkulunkulukazi onamandla kakhulu amandla akhe ngosizo lomlilo.
I-Symbol yama-Marena kumaSlav
Uphawu oludumile kunazo zonke lweMarna yilona udonsa olutshani, olwaluzungezwe amasiko akhethekile phakathi nemikhosi yasentwasahlobo kazinkulunkulukazi, lapho unkulunkulukazi wezithelo zaseVusika ebonakala ngasenyakatho. Ukuzungeza le midlalo yama doll, yabe isenza umkhosi wokushisa, ukubhubhisa ngamakhaza kanye namaqhwa ngenxa yezwe labo. Umlotha wabe usuhlakazekile ensimini, ngakho kwaba khona isivuno esicebile nonyaka omuhle.
Abacwaningi babiza izinhlamvu ezimbili ze-Marena ezengeziwe:
- Ukusakazwa kwamanzi afriziwe kungukuthi "amanzi kaMariya", okwenza umuntu afakwe amandla eqhwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
- Isibonakaliso saseBusika - ama-triangles amabili, okuthiwa "Mara-Viy", okhokho bethu babheka ukuthi kuyingozi futhi kuyingozi.
I-Velez ne-Marena
Amagama abonkulunkulu bamaqaba uVeles noMariya bahlanganisa izinto zabo kuphela. UVeles wayebhekwa njengombusi wezwe labafileyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaSlav aqala ukumbheka njengelungelo lokulima, ngoba okhokho ababethelwe emhlabathini nabo babeyizivuno ezinhle kubababa bethu. Wayekhulekela futhi amaSlav njengonkulunkulukazi wezwe labafileyo, kodwa wamukela abantu abaqine kuphela, futhi wavuza amaqhawe afela umndeni ngokumanga okungenakufa wahamba nawo e-Irius.
UMarna noDazhdbog
Ama-Slavs aseDazhdbog ayehlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha okukhulu nokuchuma, kanti uMarna, unkulunkulukazi weBusika noKufa, waqanjwa ngamabizo ngumkakhe. Kwezinye izinganekwane ubizwa ngokuthi umfazi wenkulunkulu wokufa okubi kweKashchei. Izinguqulo ezingu-2 ezigcinwe:
- UMara ushada uDazhbog, kodwa ngemuva komshado wathunjwa nguKashchei.
- Umshado wenziwa, kodwa umfana osemusha wabaleka ngokushesha ngemuva komkhosi, ngoba wayemthanda uKashchei. Futhi walahlekelwa nguDazhbog, esaba ukufutheka kukaPerun.
Ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu, amaqaba ayegubha umshado kaDazhdbog noMary ngemikhuba ekhethekile. Basuka emanzini benza amaphupusi, imibhangqwana emisha yaqhuma nayo emlilweni. Khona-ke amaphuputha athathwa ekhaya ngokuhlonishwa, futhi agcinwa, njengezinkolelo eziguleni nasekufeni. Eduze emlilweni, kwabekwa amatafula, okwakudingeka kube nokuthula emindenini elwa impi, ngoba uMarna noDazhdbog babhekwa njengabaqashi bomndeni.
Ama-Marena no-Kupalo
U-Ivan Kupala uSlav uhlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wezithelo zasemhlabeni, yilo kuphela leliholidi lobuhedeni eliye lahlala ezinsukwini zethu. Abantu abasha banelisekile ngemikhosi, amantombazane aqoqa izigqoko ukuze avumele amanzi futhi athole isiphetho sabo. Ngokuhlonipha i-Kupala, amagatsha emithi ahlotshiswe ngezimbali, futhi u-straig effigy kaMariya ubeka eceleni kwabo. Ebusuku, kushiswa, ngakho konke ukushisa nezifo sekuphelile ngomlilo, ngoba unkulunkulukazi weSlavic u-Marena wayebhekwa njengobuntu bokubanda nokushisa.
Imibhangqwana ekhushulelwe impela igxume phezu komlilo ukuzihlanza emalangabi. Ukushiswa kweMarna kwakuyisiko esikhethekile, esasihambisana nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuphila okuzayo okujabulisayo. Kwezinye izindawo, umkhuba wokumisa uMariya, njengokuthi ukufa nokugula, kwagcinwa, ngoba amanzi ayebhekwa njengamandla aphilisa okuphulukisa izono eziningi.