Izinkolo ze-monotheism - ukuvela kwezimiso zobuhle kanye nemiphumela yawo yamasiko

Kunezinhlangano eziningi zenkolo ezaziwa ukuthi zakhiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene futhi zinemigomo yazo kanye nezisekelo. Enye yezingqikithi eziyinhloko yinani labanye abantu abakholelwa kulo, ngakho-ke kunezinkolo ezisekelwe enkolelweni kunkulunkulu oyedwa, futhi kukhona izinkolo eziningi.

Ziyini izinkolo eziphezulu?

Imfundiso kaNkulunkulu oyedwa ibizwa ngokuthi i-monotheism. Kukhona ama-currents amaningana abelana ngombono woMdali odala kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi inkolo yezinkolo zithini, kusho ukuthi kufanelekile ukuthi leli yigama lamagundane amathathu emhlabeni jikelele: ubuKristu, ubuJuda nobuSulumane. Ngokuqondene nezinye izindlela zenkolo, izingxabano ziyaqhubeka. Kubalulekile ukubuyisela izinkolo zamanye amazwe - lezi zikhomba ezihlukanisayo, ngoba abanye banikela amandla ngobuntu kanye nezimfanelo ezahlukene, kuyilapho abanye bephakamisa ubuNkulunkulu kwabanye.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukodwa kwamanye amazwe nokuzibandakanya kwama-polytheism?

Ngomqondo wokuthi into enjengokuthi "ukukholelwa enkulumweni" kwaqondwa, futhi ngokuqondene ne-polytheism, yilokho okuphambene ngokuphelele nokwesaba uNkulunkulu futhi kusekelwe ekukholweni konkulunkulu abaningana. Phakathi kwezinkolo zanamuhla, zihlanganisa, isibonelo, amaHindu. Abaxhasi bezinkolo zenkolo bakholelwa ukuthi baningi onkulunkulu abanamathonya, izici nemikhuba yabo. Isibonelo esicacile singonkulunkulu baseGrisi lasendulo.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ekuthomeni kwavela ukuphikisana kwama-polytheism, ekugcineni okwadlula ekukholweni kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. Abaningi banesithakazelo ngezizathu zokuguqulwa kwezinkolelo zama-polytheism kuze kube yikhombisa, futhi ngakho-ke kunezincazelo eziningana zalokhu, kodwa okulungile kakhulu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko ezinjalo zenkolo zibonisa izigaba ezithile ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi. Ngalezo zinsuku, uhlelo lwesigqila lwaqiniswa futhi umbuso wadalwa. I-Monotheism isibe uhlobo oluyisisekelo sokwakhiwa komphakathi omusha okholelwa enkosini eyodwa noNkulunkulu.

I-World Monotheistic Religions

Sekushiwo kakade ukuthi izinkolo ezinkulu emhlabeni, ezisekelwe ebukhosini, zibuKristu, Islam kanye nobuJuda. Ezinye izazi zibhekwa njengezinhlobo eziningi zempilo yokucabanga, ezihloswe ekuqiniseni ukuziphatha okukulo. Abaphathi bamazwe aseMpumalanga YaseMpumalanga ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamanye amazwe abazange baqondiswe kuphela yizintshisekelo zabo kanye nokuqiniswa kwezizwe, kodwa futhi banethuba lokuxhaphaza abantu ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. UNkulunkulu wenkolo yamanga wabapha ithuba lokuthola indlela eya emiphefumulweni yamakholwa nokuqinisa isihlalo sobukhosi seNkosi.

Inkolo yama-Monotheism - ubuKristu

Ekwahlulela kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela, ubuKristu buyinkolo yezwe yesibili. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyihlelo lobuJuda eBalestina. Ubuhlobo obunjalo buyabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi iTestamente Elidala (ingxenye yokuqala yeBhayibheli) liyincwadi ebalulekile yamaKristu namaJuda. Ngokuqondene neTestamente Elisha, equkethe amaVangeli amane, lezi zincwadi zingcwele kumaKristu kuphela.

1. Kukhona i-monotheism endabeni yeziphambeko zobuKristu, ngoba isisekelo sale nkolo ikholwa kuYise, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele. Kwabaningi, lokhu kungqubuzana kwezinto eziyisisekelo zobukhosi obuningi, kodwa empeleni konke kubhekwa njengezici ezintathu zeNkosi.
2. UbuKristu bukhomba ukuhlengwa nokusindiswa, futhi abantu bakholelwa emseni kaNkulunkulu kumuntu onesono.
3. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkolo zobuKristu nobuKristu, kufanele kuthiwe kulesi simiso, ukuphila kuphelelwa yisikhathi kuNkulunkulu kubantu. Kwezinye izimpondo umuntu kumele enze imizamo yokwenyukela eNkosini.

Inkolo yama-Monotheism - UbuJuda

Inkolo endala kunazo zonke, ezavela ngo-1000 BC. Abaprofethi basebenzisa izinkolelo ezihlukene zesikhathi ukudala amasha amasha, kodwa umehluko obalulekile kuphela ukukhona kukaNkulunkulu oyedwa noNkulunkulu onamandla onke, okudinga abantu ukuba bagcine ngokucophelela ikhodi yokuziphatha. Ukuvela kokuzikholelwa kwesintu kanye nemiphumela yaso yamasiko kuyisihloko esibalulekile ososayensi abaqhubeka behlola, futhi ebuJudeni amaqiniso alandelayo avela:

1. Umsunguli walo mkhuba ungumprofethi u-Abrahama.
2. Ukukholwa kwamanye amazwe kumaJuda kuyisisekelo somqondo oyisisekelo wokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha kwabantu bamaJuda.
3. I-current isekelwe ekuqaphelisweni kukaNkulunkulu owodwa uNkulunkulu, ohlulela bonke abantu, hhayi kuphela abaphilayo, kodwa nabafileyo.
4. Umsebenzi wokuqala wokubhala webuJuda - iTorah, okhombisa imfundiso esemqoka nemiyalo.

Inkolo yama-Monotheism - Islam

Inkolo yesibili enkulu kunazo zonke yi-Islam, eyabonakala kamuva kunezinye izinkomba. Lesi samanje sazalwa e-Arabhiya ngekhulu le-7 AD. e. I-essence of monotheism yamaSulumane inemfundiso elandelayo:

1. AmaSulumane kumele akholelwe kuNkulunkulu oyedwa - Allah . Umelelwa umuntu ophethe izimfanelo zokuziphatha, kodwa kuphela ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
2. Umsunguli walo mkhuba kwakunguMuhammad, owavela kuNkulunkulu futhi wamnika uchungechunge lwezembonakaliso, okuchazwe kuyi Qur'an.
3. I Quran yiyona ncwadi enkulu Muslim engcwele.
4. E-Islam, kunezingelosi nemimoya emibi, okuthiwa i-jinns, kodwa zonke izinhlangano ziseMandleni kaNkulunkulu.
5. Wonke umuntu uhlala ngokumiswa kwangaphambili kukaNkulunkulu, ngoba u Allah ubeka ikusasa.

Inkolo yama-Monotheism - UbuBuddha

Enye yezinkolo endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ogama lakhe lihlotshaniswa nesihloko esibalulekile somsunguli wayo, ibizwa ngokuthi iBuddhism. Kube khona okwamanje eNdiya. Kukhona ososayensi ababala izinkolo zamanye amazwe, bakhulume ngalokhu okwamanje, kodwa empeleni akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuthiwa yi-monotheism noma i-polytheism. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi uBuddha akaphiki ukuthi kukhona abanye onkulunkulu, kodwa uqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ulalela isenzo se-karma. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izinkolo ezizodwa, akulungile ukufaka ubuBuddha ohlwini. Izinhlinzeko zalo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. Akekho umuntu ngaphandle kokumisa inqubo yokuzalwa kabusha kwe "samsara" , ngoba emandleni akhe ukuguqula yena futhi afinyelele ku-nirvana.
2. UbuBuddha bungathatha izinhlobo eziningi, kucatshangelwa lapho kuvuma khona.
3. Lesi siqondiso sithembisa amakholwa ukukhululwa ekuhluphekeni, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nokwesaba, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, akuqinisekisi ukungafi komphefumulo.

Inkolo yama-monotheism - amaHindu

Umfudlana waseVedic wasendulo, ohlanganisa izikole ezihlukahlukene zefilosofi namasiko, kuthiwa yiHindu. Abaningi, bachaza izinkolo eziyinhloko, aziboni ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhuluma ngalesi siqondiso, ngoba abalandeli bayo bakholelwa onkulunkulu abayizigidi ezingu-330. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunakucatshangwa njengencazelo enembile, ngoba umqondo wamaHindu unzima, futhi abantu bangawuqonda ngendlela yabo, kodwa konke okubuHindu kuhambisana noNkulunkulu oyedwa.

1. Abasebenzi bakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu oyedwa ongeke akwazi ukuqondakala, ngakho-ke umelelwa ezintweni ezintathu ezisemhlabeni: Shiva, Vishnu no Brahma. Wonke amakholwa unelungelo lokuzikhethela ukuthi yikuphi ukuziphatha okufanele akwenze.
2. Lo mbhalo wenkolo awunawo umbhalo owodwa oyisisekelo, ngakho-ke amakholwa asebenzisa i-Vedas, i-Upanishads nabanye.
3. Isikhundla esibalulekile samaHindu sibonisa ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu ngamunye kufanele uhambe ngenani elikhulu lokuphindukuzalwa.
4. I-Karma ikuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, futhi zonke izenzo zizocatshangelwa.

Inkolo yama-Monotheism - iZoroastrianism

Enye yezinkomba zenkolo yasendulo yiZoroastrianism. Izazi eziningi zenkolo zikholelwa ukuthi zonke izinkolo zamasonto eziqala ziqala ngalesi samanje. Kukhona izazi-mlando ezikushoyo ukuthi ziyi-dualistic. Kwavela ePersia yasendulo.

1. Lokhu kungenye yezinkolelo zokuqala ezazisa abantu umzabalazo wokuhle nokubi. Amandla okukhanya eZoroastrianism amelwa nguNkulunkulu u-Ahuramazda, futhi amabutho amnyama amelwa yi-Ankhra Manui.
2. Inkolo yokuqala yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu yikhombisa ukuthi wonke umuntu kufanele agcine umphefumulo wakhe ngobumsulwa, usakaze okuhle emhlabeni.
3. Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kuZoroastrianism akuyona inkolo nomthandazo, kodwa izenzo ezinhle, imicabango namagama.

Inkolo yama-Monotheism - isiJainism

Inkolo yamandulo yasendulo, eyayingumkhuba wokuguqula ubuHindu, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iJainism. Kubukeka futhi kusakaze eNdiya. Inkolo yobuNkulunkulu nobuJainism azifani, ngoba lamanje alisho ukukholwa kuNkulunkulu. Izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zalesi siqondiso zihlanganisa:

1. Yonke impilo emhlabeni inomphefumulo onolwazi olungapheli, amandla kanye nenjabulo.
2. Umuntu kufanele abe necala lokuphila kwakhe okwamanje nasesikhathini esizayo, ngoba konke kubonakala ku-karma.
3. Inhloso yalo mkhuba ukukhulula umphefumulo embi, okwenza izenzo ezingalungile, imicabango kanye nezinkulumo.
4. Umthandazo oyinhloko wamaJainism yi-mantra yaseNavokar futhi ngesikhathi sokucula kwakhe umuntu ubonisa inhlonipho emiphefumulweni ekhululiwe.

Izinkolo ze-Monotheism - i-Confucianism

Izazi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi i-Confucianism ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengenkolo, futhi iyayibiza ngokuthi i-philosophy of China. Umbono wokuzikholelwa kwesinye isikhathi ungabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi uConfucius waboniswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha lokhu okusebenzayo okwamanje akusho ukuthi uyini isimo nemisebenzi kaNkulunkulu. I-Confucianism ngezindinganiso eziningi ihluke ezinkolweni eziyisisekelo emhlabeni wonke.

1. Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile kwemithetho ekhona namasiko.
2. Into eyinhloko kule nkolo ukuhlonishwa kokhokho, ngakho-ke uhlobo ngalunye lunethempeli lalo lapho kuhlatshwa khona imihlatshelo.
3. Umgomo womuntu ukuthola indawo yakhe ekuvumelaneni komhlaba, futhi lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba uthuthuke njalo. UConfucius uhlongoze uhlelo lwakhe oluyingqayizivele lokuvumelanisa kwabantu abanendawo yonke.