Imvelo inike isintu izitshalo eziningi zemifino kanti ezinye zazo azivamile kakhulu. Ngabe hlobo luni lwesitshalo semithi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa izithelo futhi ngabe luyasiza yini - lunentshisekelo kwabaningi, ngoba izithelo ziyaba zithandwa kakhulu futhi zingakhula ngisho nasekhaya.
Yini i-Momordica ebukeka ngayo?
Lesi yisihlahla sonyaka sokukhuphuka esingumndeni wePumpkin. Kukhona amanye amagama omama: i-gourd enomuncu noma ikhukhamba. Kwezinye izimo, igama elithi "isiShayina" lengeziwe. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izindawo zokwelapha ze-momordica, ezisetshenziselwa imithi yabantu, ziyaziwa. Izici eziyinhloko zalesi sitshalo zihlanganisa:
- Izwe lase-Asia, kodwa likhule kwezinye izindawo ngesimo sezulu esishisayo.
- Ukuthola ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinomama, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yi-lianas, ubude obuningi obufinyelela kumamitha amane. Isiqu sinemibukiso emihlanu, ama-groove ama-longitudinal nezintambo. Amaqabunga ahlaza futhi aphezulu, futhi izimbali ziphuzi futhi zinamafutha amahlanu.
- Ekuqaleni, izithelo ziluhlaza, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ziba ophuzi noma i-orange. Bangaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene: i-oval, fusiform ne-cylindrical. Ngesikhathi eside bafinyelela ku-8-40 cm. Ubuso buhlanganiswe namaprojekti amaphepha. Lapho befika ekukhuleni kwabo, izithelo zivuleka futhi ziveze imbewu ebomvu. Izithelo ziyamnandi uma ziluhlaza.
Ukhula kanjani isikhathi?
Khulisa lesi sitshalo njengomvini omuhle oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, futhi unezindawo zokuphulukisa. Umama wekhukhamba wamaNdiya angakhula ebhodini, egumbini, ukushisa nokushisa. Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokuvuthwa okunengi, isitshalo sidinga ukufudumala nokukhanya. Kungcono ukukhula momordika ezindaweni lapho ivikelwe khona ilanga lesitshonalanga kanye nokuvuthwa komoya.
Momordica - izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezaziwa futhi eziyinhloko ziyi:
- Momordika Charantia. Kulezi zitshalo iziqu zigcwele futhi zishicilela, kanti amaqabunga anezinhlaka ezingu-5 noma ezingu-7. Ubude bamakhukhamba aphuzi of momordica ufinyelela ku-25 cm.
- I-Momordica ibhalsamu. Umvini omude onamaqabunga amakhulu nezinhlamvu. Izithelo zombala we-orange of round round nge surface warty. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, baqhuma, baphonsa imbewu eningi.
- Momordica Cochin. Izici ezihlukile zihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqabunga zibe izingxenye ezintathu, izithelo zemilo elliptical kuze kube ngu-12 cm ubude futhi obomvu. Imbewu inkulu futhi iphunga embi.
Momordica - okuhle nokubi
Amakhukhamba amabi abe nezinhlobo eziningi zezakhi. Ezithombeni zokupheka, imbewu, amaqabunga kanye nezimpande zisetshenziswa. Ukuthola ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lwesitshalo se-momordika, kufanelekile ukunakekelwa kanye nokuphikisana okusemandleni ekusetshenzisweni kwezithelo. Awunakudla amakhukhamba anjalo awakhulelwe futhi ancelisa abantwana, abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, abanezinqubo zokugulisa umzimba nokuvuvukala. Manje siphethe izindawo eziwusizo zoMamordica:
- Qinisekisa umsebenzi wemfihlo we-pancreas, ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulini, ewusizo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
- Siza ukulwa namabhaktheriya namagciwane, ukuqinisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.
- Ithuthukisa izinqubo zamathambo futhi ihlanza umzimba wezinto eziyingozi.
- Ithuthukisa umbono kanye nenqubo ye-hematopoiesis. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo, ungahlanza izitsha ze-cholesterol.
- Okungathintekayo kuthinta umsebenzi wepheshana lamathumbu kanye nesistimu ye-urrogenital.
Indlela yokutshala i-Momordica?
Ukukhiqiza kungenziwa nge-cuttings, ukubeka amahlumela emanzini kuze kuvele izimpande. Ukushisa kwomoya kufanele okungenani kube ngu-25 ° C. Ungasebenzisa ukutshala imbewu emnyama ehlwanyelwe ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukwaziswa ukuthi isitshalo se-momordica siyikuphi nokuthi sikhula kanjani kusuka kumbewu kufaka imilayezo elandelayo:
- Sula amathiphu wembewu enefayela, ezobavumela ukuba bavuleke ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuwavuza ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ye-disinfection amahora amaningana.
- Bafake emadayini noma emaphepheni ahlanzekile bese ubeka endaweni efudumele, uqiniseke ukuthi akukho lutho olomile. Endaweni ethile ezinsukwini ezingu-12 kufanele ivele izimpande ezimhlophe.
- Ngokutshala i-Momordica, sebenzisa izimbiza zepiat ezigcwele izingxenye ezintathu ze-humus kanye nengxenye ye-turf. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ivuseleleke. Faka imbewu enombambo we-1-2 cm, ufafaze kancane ngesihlabathi.
- Thela amanzi afudumele, faka ingilazi noma ifilimu. Ukuchelela kuphindiwe emva kwezinsuku ezimbili.
- Lapho amahlumela avela, susa ingilazi bese ubeka isitsha esitsheni sewindi. Izithombo zokutshala izihlahla ziyadingeka uma zifinyelela ku-25 cm. Maphakathi no-May, kubalulekile ukuzinzima.
Momordika - ekhula
Izithombo noma ama-cuttings alungisiwe kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele sesiphelile. Cabanga ngamanye amathiphu abalulekile ekukhuleni i-Momordica:
- Lesi sitshalo asithandi ukutshala okweqile nesithunzi, uma ungazicabangi, izithelo ziyoba zincane futhi ziqale ukuvuthwa ekuvuthweni. Ibanga elincane lingama-80 cm.
- Ungahlali ezindaweni ezimanzi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizobola. Ukusika noma izithombo akudingeki ukuba zijule kakhulu emhlabathini, kungenjalo i-momordica izokhula kabi.
- Izitshalo abadala zidinga ukwesekwa noma trellis . Njengeminye imivini, i-garter ecacile inconywa.
Ikhukhamba Momordica - ukunakekelwa
Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinkulu, kudingeka uqaphe isimo se-creeper. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho, ukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo momordika nokuthi zingayinakekela kanjani kahle, zinike iseluleko esinjalo:
- Iyakuthanda umswakama, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela njalo, usebenzisa amanzi afudumele kulokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchitha imayini njalo.
- I-Momordica, ekhulayo futhi enakekela okulula, ikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, faka umanyolo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukumnika kwe- mullein .
- Kuyadingeka ukuba mncane umqhele, ususe amahlumela ohlangothini. Lesi sitshalo akufanele sibe neziqu ezingaphezu kwezintathu eziyinhloko.
- Ukuvuna kuqala amasonto amabili emva kokuvela kwesithelo.