Ipear yasekuqaleni i-Lada yadalwa ngokudlulisa izinhlobo ezimbili - u-Olga noLesnaya Bela ngabalimi baseRussia ngo-1993. Iphumelele ngokuphumelelayo kuyo yonke indawo yezwe lakithi. Izimfanelo ezinhle ezihlukahlukene: ukumelana nezifo (ikakhulukazi ukukhwabanisa) nokubandayo, kalula ukunakekelwa, ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwesihlahla, ukungahloniphi emhlabathini.
Izici ze-pear Lada
Amasiko abhekisela ezitshalweni zakuqala nezokukhiqiza. Iphakathi kweLada - incazelo eningiliziwe yezihlukahlukene:
- umuthi ubukhulu, ubukhulu bamagatsha buncane;
- Ingxenyana ye-trunk ingu-grey, amahlumela ayenawo ohlaza obomvu, ahlukaniswa nesikhumba esincane;
- amaqabunga - oval-elongated, matte, ecwebezela ngaphandle, lwalugobile eduze kwe-vein central, umkhawulo kancane kancane;
- izimbali ezinezibhamu ezinama-corymb ezinama-robhote angu-5-7 ombala omhlophe ojwayelekile;
- Izithelo zine-obovate shape, ubuso obubushelelezi, isikhumba esincane. Umbala wezithelo ukukhanya okuphuzi ngokugqamile okubomvu;
- Inyama inemibala enombala omhlophe ophuzi, unomusa omuhle futhi omuncu, ujabule futhi ube mnandi.
Iphi eliqala nini ukuthela izithelo?
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko yenkambiso yilezi zivuno eziphakeme kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesihlahla. Ngabe unyaka unjani ipeyara ethwala izithelo Lada:
- isithombo siqala ukuletha isitshalo esigcwele iminyaka engu-3-4 emva kokufika endaweni ehlala njalo;
- umuthi uzokhombisa isivuno esihle emva kweminyaka engu-7-8 yokukhula.
I-Pear Lada - imigomo yokuvuthwa
Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengasekuqaleni, isikhathi lapho ipeyar ikhula khona iLada - ekuqaleni noma phakathi kuka-Agasti, okungukuthi, kunezinye izinhlobo. Ayehliki futhi ahlale isikhathi eside emagatsheni, kodwa asikho isidingo sokuvimbela isivuno, kungenjalo siyolahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo. Ngemva kokuvuna izithelo kugcinwa isikhathi esijwayelekile - cishe izinsuku ezingu-55-65 ekushiseni kwe-0 ° C. Ukungalungi kwebanga kubandakanya ukumelana okubuthakathaka kokuthutha.
Pear Lada - umkhiqizo
I-Garden pear Lada kule ncazelo ibhekwa isivuno esikhulu. Uma ukhathalela kahle umuthi, ikhophi eyodwa ingathola u-45-50 kg wamapheya - ama-10-15 amabhakede ezithelo ku-100-150 g. Esihlahleni basatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi izithelo zingafinyelela isisindo sika 200 g. indawo yokukhosela ibhekana nokubandayo, isivuno sivamile. Ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo yi-self-fertility, ingatshalwa ezindaweni ezincane kukhophi eyodwa. Kulokhu, isivuno somuthi asilahlekile.
Iphakathi kweLada - ukuphakama komuthi omdala
Lesi sihlahla segadi sihlamba, sinokuphakama okuphakathi. Ngokwesiko, ukuphakama kwe-Lada eliphakathi kwe-2.5-3 m. Umqhele ngaphambi kokukhula kwe-fruiting (kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3) unesimo somngcwabo, ngemuva - i-pyramidal. Ubunzima obubusika obuhle kanye nokuntuleka kobunzima ukunika uLada inzuzo, ngokucophelela ukuthi lesi sihlahla singaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-90, izithelo ezinhle ezithathwayo zigcinwe ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube ngu-60-70.
Indlela yokutshala i-pear Lada?
Tshala umuthi endaweni evulekile ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emva kweqhwa. Indawo engcono kakhulu yepayipi le-Lada kuyoba yincenye engeningizimu yensimu ngaphandle kwemimoya ebandayo enelanga eliningi. Isihlahla asizithobeki enhlabathini, sifaneleke kakhulu emhlabathini we-chernozem noma we-loamy. Kuzo, isiko sizoveza isivuno esihle. Uma isayithi lilawulwa ngodaka, longezwe nge-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula.
Ukutshala ekwindla ngo-Agasti, isilwane sinomanyolo we-7 kg we-compost, 50 g we-superphosphate, 25 g wesawoti e-potassium ngo-1 m 2 . Khona-ke kugugu kuya ekujuleni kwe-bayonet ye-spade. Ukufika kwenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kwalo, umgodi onamamitha ayi-1.3 ububanzi nobubanzi buka-80 cm ulungiselelwe, ogcwele ingxube yomhlabathi ngamanyolo: 200 g we-azofosca, u-10 kg we-compost, u-600 g we-ash, 700 g we-dolomite. Ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlalo - 1-2 m.
Ukuze kuhlwanyelwe intwasahlobo, umgodi wesisekelo ulungiselelwe futhi uhlolwe ekwindla. Inqubo yokuqothula i-rooting yenziwa kuze kufike ngoMeyi, kuze kuvele amaqabunga, ukuze isitshalo sithole isikhathi sokuhlala kahle ngaphambi kokubusika. Ukutshala i-pear Lada entwasahlobo:
- efanelekayo ukuzalanisa kukhona izithombo 1-2 ubudala ubudala nge rootlets eziqinile 20-25 cm;
- ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yomuthi igxilile emanzini amahora amabili futhi ifakwe ebhokisini lokuxoxa ngobumba;
- emgodini wesisekelo umgodi wenziwa nge-ububanzi obuyi-1 m nobubanzi buka-70 cm;
- Ngezansi amaqanda angu-10 azinyosiwe, okuzohlinzeka ukudla esihlahleni ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila;
- isikhonkwane sezinkuni sikhiwe phakathi;
- isithombo sincishiselwa emgodini, intamo impande kufanele ihlale ezingeni lika-6 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lomgodi;
- lapho utshala, umuthi uphakanyiswa kancane ukuze umhlabathi uphawule;
- izimpande zisakazeka futhi zifafazwe kahle ngenhlabathi, i-substrate ihliswa kancane;
- eduze kwesiqu seqhwa, ukuze intamo impande ingajuli;
- ezungeze isithombo senza umgodi ojikelezayo, othulula amabhakede amathathu wamanzi, umhlabathi uhambelana ne- peat noma i-humus.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya we-Lada - ukunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa ngokufanele kwepea elivamile eliphakathi kweLada lisekusetshenzisweni okuphuthumayo, ukusika izihlahla, ukondla. Ezinye izici zokulima:
- Isihlahla sinomsoco futhi asidingi ukuchelela njalo, kodwa kufanele kube nokuningi. Ukuziqhenya kwenziwa ngenkathi isomiso eside, futhi nasesiteji se-fruiting. Khona-ke zonke izithombo ezincane kufanele zinikezwe amabhakede amabili amanzi, umuthi omdala - 4-5. Ukunisela kungcono ukwenza umgodi ozungeza isiqu ngokucindezeleka kwama-20 cm. Nikeza isihlahla ngomswakama futhi ekwindla ejulile ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, khona-ke uhlelo lwempande luyokhula kahle, kanti imbewu izothatha kalula ubusika.
- Emva kokuphuza, kunconywa ukuba ukhulule inhlabathi ukususa ukhula, ukubhubhisa umhlaba uqoqwe futhi ubuyisele ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni.
- Ngesikhathi sasebusika, isihlahla somuthi sinconywa ukuba sibe mhlophe, okuzoba yisivikelo ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Umjikelezo we-Pristruilny kungcono ukufafaza nge-sawdust.
Ukunciphisa amapheya Lada
I-Garden pear Lada inqunywe entwasahlobo ngo-Mashi kuze kufike ukugeleza kwe-sap. Kususa ingxenye yamagatsha amadala, inqubo ikuvumela ukuba uvuselele ukubonakala kwezinso ezintsha. Eminyakeni yokuqala engu-3-4 yokuphila, lesi sihlahla sakhiwe ngomqhele olinganiselwe we-symmetrical - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo 4 amagatsha aqinile kunawo wonke, asinciphisa futhi emgodini oyinhloko ngu-25%. Iphakathi kweLada ayinayo izihlahla ezihlobo zasehlobo. Esikhathini esizayo, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukunakekelwa kuhlanganisa ekususeni amagatsha abonakalisiwe, abathintekayo, ahlangene, amahlumela endala, omisiwe, aphule umqhele. Izigaba ezinamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-1.5 ziphathwa nge- sauce yasadini .
Pear Lada - impova
I-Garden pear Lada ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezizimele ezizimele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwandisa ukuthela nokunambitha kwesithelo esiseduze nayo, udinga ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo. Isimiso esiyinhloko sokukhethwa yisikhathi esingaqondakali sesikhathi sokumbali kanye nobukhulu bomqhele. Lezi zimo zenza kube lula ukuthi ungalahlekelwa isivuno ngenxa yokuthungwa kwezitshalo ezithile ngabanye. I-pear Lada - ama-pollinators amahle kakhulu: i-Severyanka, i-Chizhovskaya, iCosmic, i-Rogneda. Unomqhele omncane wesilinganiso. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngu-4 m. Ukuze impova evamile, izigxobo ezingu-5 ze-Lada ezihlukahlukene ziyokwanela kumuntu oyedwa wokuvota.
Ipayipi enemibala ye-Lada - umanyolo
Isici esithile salezi ezihlukahlukene ukuzwela okukhulu ekuntulekeni kwezakhi. Uma kungenakho ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu, isihlahla siqala ukwehlisa amandla, singagula futhi kunzima ebusika. Ngeminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuphila isithombo siqala ukutshala. Iphakathi kweLada - incazelo yokudla:
- Isigaba sokuqala senziwa entwasahlobo ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesimo sezulu esomile ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinto eziphilayo: 90 g we-carbamide (noma umquba wezinkukhu) ngamalitha angu-7 amanzi, umuthi uthululwa embuthanweni ngamabhakede amabili okwakhiwa.
- Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isithombo singasuswa ngamabhakede amathathu we-nitroammophoska ahlanjululwa ngamanzi 1: 200.
- Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sakhiwa izithelo ngaphansi kwesiqu, kuhlanganiswa i-mullein noma i-slurry, iwahlanza ngamanzi 1: 6. Izinga lokusetshenziswa li-2 amabhakede ngesihlahla ngasinye.
- Ngo-ekwindla, lapho wonke amahlamvu esekho, ahlela ukudla okuyisithathu: 15 g we-potassium chloride kanye no-35 g we-superphosphate aphethwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ingxenye yokwakheka yanele ukuncelisa 1 m 2 yalesi sakhiwo. Ngaphansi kokumba, ama-140 g we-ash / m 2 angafakwa.
Pear Lada - Izifo
I-Garden pear Lada ibonisa ukumelana okuphakeme kwesikhumba, ukushisa amabhaktheriya nezinye izifo. Kodwa ngokunakekelwa okungalungile futhi angagula. Isibonelo, uma i-Lada pear ingaqhakazi, khona-ke ayinakho izakhi noma imvamisa yabo futhi isilinganiso siphukile. Esinye isizathu sokuntula izithelo ezithwala izithelo nezinambuzane. Okuvamile kunazo zonke:
- Indawo emnyama. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ne-red tan. Ukuze ukwelashwa, amagatsha awonakele asuswe, umhlabathi ugobile. Njengokuvimbela entwasahlobo, umuthi uphathwa nge-3% ye-Bordeaux ingxube ngaphambi kokusila. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamacembe, amalungiselelo ethusi asetshenziswa - Champion, Meteor.
- Umkhuhlane we-Powdery. I-fungus, ihlanganisa amahlamvu, i-ovary iyawa. Emagqabeni kukhona ukugqoka okukhanyayo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kudlula amachashazi amnyama. Ukulwa udinga isulfure colloidal - 25 g / 10 amalitha amanzi. Ukuze uvimbele ngaphambi kokusila, umuthi uphathwa nge-fungicide okuthiwa i-Fundazol.
- Ukugqwala. Kubonakala ngezithelo namahlamvu, emva kokuwa kwe-green mass kumele kubhujiswe. Umuthi uphathwa nge-urea, ukuchitha ama-700 amagremu omuthi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
- I-Hawthorn. I-caterpillar, ilimaza i-ovary namahlamvu. Umuthi othintekayo uphathwa nge-Carbophos.
- Aphids, pear candy. Kulimaza amaqabunga, amahlumela, aphuza ama-juice esitshalweni, ama-ovari awela phansi. Entwasahlobo, umuthi uphathwa nge-Nitrofen - 200 g yesidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.