Izimbangela zokuqothulwa ezinganeni
Isikhundla esinzima noma ukungabi khona kwayo isikhathi eside singaba ne-etiology ehlukile. Ukunquma isizathu esizwakalayo sokuthi ingane inokuqothulwa, kudingeka uhlolisise iminyaka yakhe, indlela yokuphila, uhlobo lobuhlobo bomndeni. Ezinsana nasezingane kuze kube unyaka owodwa, akukwazi ukukhishwa ukuthi ukwephulwa kwe-defecation kungaba yindalo engokwemvelo. Lawa angama-pathologies angamaqanda - i-sigmoid colon (dolichosigma) enomzimba noma ukungabi nalutho lwesisu esikhulu (isifo se-Hirschsprung), esihambisana nezinye izimpawu:
- ukuziphatha okukhathazayo nokumhlophe;
- ukwandisa ukwehluleka;
- izinkinga zezinzwa;
- ubuhlungu;
- ukufisa ukudla.
Ukuqoqa nokungakwazi ukuphuma esitokisini kungaba ngenxa yokubambelela, izicubu, ama-polyps. Kodwa lezi zinkimbinkimbi, ezitholakale zingavamile kakhulu ebuntwaneni futhi zidinga ukwelashwa. Ukuvimbela ngokweqile kuvela ngokuyinhloko ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuqothulwa kwengane kuyasebenza noma kwengqondo.
Ukuqokwa kwengqondo kwengane
Ezinganeni eziqala ukujwayela izimo ezintsha zokuphila, ngokwesibonelo, enkulisa noma esikoleni, kungase kube nobunzima ngokuhlukumeza isimo se-neurogenic. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi izingane zasenkulisa zinganqanda izifiso futhi zibekezelele ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, kanti okwamanje, izixuku ze-fecal ziqoqa, zinyusa, zenze isenzo sokuhlunga i-defecation. Ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nokuzivivinya kwengqondo kwengane, abazali kudingeka bathole ukuthi yini eye yaba yisici esishukumisayo. Kunezinketho eziningi:
- isimo sengqondo esingalungile sothisha ekufuneni ingane mayelana nesidingo sokuya endlini yangasese. Le nkinga ivame ukuvela emakilasini amancane, othisha ababala izingane njengabantu abadala, ungabavumeli baye endlini yokuphumula ezikoleni, futhi ngesikhathi sokushintsha ingane ingase ingabi nesikhathi sokuhamba "enkulu";
- ukuhleka usulu ngontanga. Ingane ingesaba futhi ihlaziye ukuhlala endlini yangasese yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi lokhu kubalulekile ezinganeni ezinamahloni nezingenakuxhumana;
- ukungabi nemibandela edingekile (indlu encane engavamile noma engahlanzi kahle, igumbi elingenamnyango, umugqa omkhulu).
Ukuxazulula ukuqothulwa komzimba we-neurogenic kuzokusiza ingxoxo eyimfihlo nengane, ezokwenza abantu abadala babe nomqondo ocacile wesibangela sangempela salokho okwenzekayo. Ezimweni ezinganakiwe, kunengqondo ukubuyela ekusizeni isazi sengqondo. Izinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa zingagwenywa uma kunenkathi yokuguquguquka okunzima kakhulu ukuxhumana nengane, ukumkhuthaza, ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zokucindezela njengoba ziphakama. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nomfundisi ngemithetho yokuya endlini yangasese, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho okuvinjelwe kuzo izicelo ezingenangqondo zengane ngeke zilandele.
Ukuqotshwa okusebenzayo kwabantwana
Ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwemfucuza yokugaya ukudla nokubunjwa "kokungqubuzana" ezinganeni zezinhlobo ezahlukene zeminyaka kungenzeka ngezizathu zokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukungondleki kanye nokudla okunamnandi namanoni;
- ukungeneli okwanele kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi amanzi ajwayelekile;
- indlela yokuphila yokuhlala;
- ukwephulwa kwe-biocenosis yemvelo yamathumbu (ngokuvamile kaningi ngemuva kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic);
- ukudla okubangelwa ukudla;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-pancre nezinye izitho zomzimba;
- ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic;
- i-rickets futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwezwi le-muscle;
- i-anemia;
- ukuphazamiseka emthonjeni wegciwane;
- ukuphazamisa ukucabanga kwe-réflux okubangelwa izifo zesimiso sezinzwa;
- ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezithinta umsebenzi wegciwane lokugaya;
- ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-laxatives kanye nokuhlanza ukuhlanza.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo kungaba yinto eyodwa yesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umntwana edla okuthile okwakhiwe, wagula, wayenomkhuhlane omkhulu - ibhalansi yamanzi usawoti yaphulwa. Kudingekile ezimweni ezinjalo ukubeka ukudla, ukuphuza uketshezi oluthe xaxa - ukujwayela kanye nokuvumelana kwesikhumba sekujwayelekile ngesikhathi esizayo. Ukuphulwa okukodwa akudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
Ukuqotshwa okungapheli ezinganeni
Ngayo yonke imithwalo yemfanelo okudingekile ukubhekana nale nkinga uma ukuqothulwa kwengane kuyinto engunaphakade. Lapha asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kocwaningo oluhloswe ekuqaliseni imbangela yokulibaziseka nokuhambisana kwezindaba ze-fecal. Ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngabanye, kucatshangelwa iminyaka yengane, i-etiology ye-disorder, izifo ezithintekayo. Abazali kufanele bazi ukuthi bangayisiza kanjani ingane ngokuqokwa ekhaya. Njengoba izinyathelo ezilodwa-off ziphumelela:
- amakhandlela kusukela ekuqotheni izingane ezine-glycerin, avunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa izingane kusukela ekuzalweni;
- Ukuhlanza i-enema ngamanzi abilayo ekamelweni lokushisa kanye namaconsi amaningana e-glycerin;
- ukukhanya okuphazamisayo okuncane (izinsana).
Uma ingane inokuqothulwa isikhathi eside, okuhambisana nokuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukudumaza, ubuthakathaka, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukucabangela, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa, i-enema ayikwazi ukuhlelwa ngokwezigaba. Ezimweni ezinjalo ukubonisana okusheshayo nodokotela kuyadingeka. Izingozi zokuqala zengozi, lapho umntwana ekhishwa igazi e-anus noma ephazamiseka.
Ukuqokwa kwengane
Kuze kube unyaka imvuthu ihamba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isihlalo se-mushy ngemuva kokudla siyisandulela sezingane ekunceliseni ibele. Izingane zokufakelwa zikhwehlela kaningi, futhi ukuvumelana kwesihlalo kuqinisiwe. Uma ingane ingalutholi amathumbu izinsuku ezingu-1-2, singacabanga ukuthi unomzimba. Qinisekisa ukwesaba kwezimbonakaliso ezinjalo: ubuhlungu, ukuqhaqhabalaza, ukuthuka, ukulahlekelwa ukudla. Ngokuqothulwa, ingane inesitembu esinzima, ngezinye izikhathi ihlotshiswe nge-peas, futhi iphunga elimnandi. Umthetho wokuhlukunyezwa kwengane ubuhlungu: angakhala, ahlabe, aqhube, agibe emilenzeni. Izizathu zalesi simo zingaba:
- ukungabi nokugubha kokudla ngumama onesihlengikazi;
- ukufakelwa ubisi lwebele ngokungazelelwe;
- ukungabi nobisi;
- i-tonus ebuthakathaka yemisipha yamathumbu noma engekho ngokuphelele;
- ukungeneli okwanele oketshezi (lapho kunondliwa ngxube);
- emva kokwethulwa kokudla okungeziwe emntwaneni, ukuqothulwa kuba yinkinga kaningi uma kungenjalo okungaqondakali nokungazi kahle nokudla kwabantu abadala;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-lactase;
- i-allergies kwiprotheni yezinkomo.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ingane yami inomzimba?
Izinkinga nokukhishwa kwamathumbu emntwaneni akukwazi ukunakwa, ngoba ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwezindaba ze-fecal kuthinta isimo somntwana kanye nempilo yakhe. Ingane iba buthakathaka, iphinde isebenze, isifiso siyancipha, kanti nezinye izibonakaliso zokudakwa zivela. Indlela yokuphatha ukuqotshwa kwabantwana, utshela udokotela wezingane. Ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngabanye, kuye ngokuthi i-etiology ye-disorder, ubudala kanye nezinye izici zesiguli.
Ama-laxatives wokuqothulwa kwezingane
Imithi yalesi sigaba odokotela izama ukuqoka kuphela uma kudingekile, ngoba izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinehlu lokumangalisa lemiphumela emibi: ukulimala, ukungezwani komzimba, isifo sohudo njalonjalo. Indlela ephephile kunazo zonke iziguli ezincane izidakamizwa zokuqothulwa izingane ezisuselwa ku-lactulose ebizwa ngeDufalac. Isilinganiso sikadokotela sikhethwe ngabanye, kanti isikhathi sokwelashwa sinqunyelwe emavikini amabili.
Ngaphandle kwama- laxatives, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuqeda ukuqotshwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:
- Amalungiselelo asebenze i-tract-prokinetics yokugaya (i-Domperidone).
- Spasmolytics (No-shpa, Papaverin).
- I-Cholagogue (Hofitol).
- Bifido-lactobacilli (Linex, Lactile, Bifidumbacterin).
Ukudla nokuqotshwa kwabantwana
Ukukhulelwa njalo futhi okungenakubuhlungu kungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulungisa ukudla. Ukudla nokuqothulwa kwabantwana kusho ukulahlwa okuphelele:
- ukupheka, ubisi lonke, irayisi ipharali, pasta, ubhanana, nama-apula anesikhumba;
- imikhiqizo eyenza i-gassing (iklabishi, ubhontshisi, utamatisi);
- isobho elivuthayo kanye nosanhlamvu;
- imikhiqizo equkethe i-caffeine neziphuzo (ikhofi, itiye, ushokoledi, i-cocoa).
Qinisekisa ukufaka imikhiqizo elandelayo emenyu kusukela ekuqotheni izingane:
- ama-yogurt ngaphandle kwezithasiselo, ukhilimu omuncu;
- isinkwa sonke sokusanhlamvu;
- Imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu namafayili amancane;
- inyama yamafutha aphansi, amaqanda, ibhotela;
- inqwaba yamanzi (amanzi ahlanzekile ngaphandle kwegesi nama-dyes).
Amakhambi omphakathi wokuqothulwa ezinganeni
Ukuhlukumeza okubi nokuhlukumeza ama-herbs akunakwenzeka ukujabulisa ingane. Kodwa kukhona emcimbini wezokupheka zendabuko, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezizosiza ukuqeda ukuqashwa kwengane:
- Imifula ehlwabusayo, ama-apricot omisiwe, omisiwe emanzini - sekuyisikhathi eside kuthathwa njengama-laxatives amahle kakhulu;
- Imiphumela emihle isiza ekufezeni ukwelashwa kwezingane nge-oat jelly;
- Izingane ezindala zinganikezwa inhlanganisela yobusi kanye nejusi le-aloe - kancane ebabayo kodwa ephumelelayo.