Emhlabeni kukhona namanje imfihlakalo eminingi ososayensi abazama ukuyixazulula, kodwa kuze kube manje abazange bakwazi. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukutholakala okungalindelekile kwenziwa, ukukhanyisa izimfihlo eziningi.
Abantu bahlale bekhanga izimfihlo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimo ezingaqondakali, phezu kokudalulwa ososayensi abaye basebenzela amashumi eminyaka. Kubuye kwenzeke ukuthi abacwaningi bafika ekutholeni okujulile ngengozi, futhi izinguqulo zabo ekugcineni zaba yiqiniso. Ukukhethwa kwethu kuyoba ubufakazi balokhu.
1. Imfihlakalo Yezimpophoma "Zegazi"
Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1911, isazi sezwe esibizwa ngokuthi uThomas Griffith Taylor, ngesikhathi sokuhambela e-East Antarctica, sabona imvula yamanzi engavamile ephuma ku-Taylor Glacier. Ngenxa yombala obomvu, wawubizwa ngokuthi "i-Bloody" waterfall. Isizathu sombala onjalo ososayensi abahlushwa isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni bacabanga ukuthi isizathu sise-algae ebomvu, kodwa empeleni akuqinisekisiwe. Kwaqedelwa ukuthi umbala obomvu unikezwa ngamanzi nge-oxide ye-iron, kodwa kuze kube ngu-2017, akekho oye wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi uvelaphi. Ngokusebenzisa i-radar itholakala ukuthi amanzi ahlobene nokutholakala nomthombo wamanzi usawoti, ohlanganisa i-glacier. Ososayensi bamangala lapho bethola amanzi ngaphansi kweqhwa elibandayo.
2. Imfihlo yamanothi kukhophi ye-Odyssey
Izichasiselo ezincane ezenziwe ngesandla ngesandla ngolimi olungaziwa, olutholakala kwikhophi endala yale ncwadi, isikhathi eside asihlali singenolwazi. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi zenziwe phakathi nekhulu le-19. Lapho abantu beqala ukusebenzisa i-Internet ngenkuthalo, umqoqi M.S. ULang umemezele umvuzo wamaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1000 ngokucacisa umbhalo wamanothi. Abawinile benza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlaziya imithombo eminingi eyayitholakala kubo nge-intanethi. Ngenxa yalokho, bathole ukuthi amanothi ayihlobo olukhethekile lomncintiswano, olwenziwe ngekhulu le-18. Ukumisa ikhodi kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuhumusha amateur we-Odyssey kusuka olimini lwesiGreki.
3. Imfihlo yesibhangqwana esivele silahlekile eSwitzerland
Indaba engavamile yenzeke nombhangqwana uDumoulin. UMarcelin noFrancine, abahlala eSwitzerland, baya emadolobheni ngo-Agasti 15, 1942, ukuzobamba izinkabi futhi banyamalala. Mayelana nesiphetho sabo bebengayazi iminyaka engu-75, kanti izidumbu zitholakala ehlobo ngo-2017, lapho i-glacier ichitheka. Okubalulekile, iqhwa alilondolozanga kuphela izinsalela, kodwa futhi nezinto eziqondene nomuntu womshado. Ukufakazela ukuthi izidumbu ziyingxenye yombhangqwana uDumulin, zenza izivivinyo ze-DNA. Kwaqedelwa ukuthi lo mbhangqwana wawela emgodini, futhi ebusweni bomzimba, lapho iGlacier Glacier de Tanzfleron iqala ukubuyela emuva.
4. Imfihlo yepende le-Terracotta Army
Ngo-1974, kutholakale iqoqo elicebile, kuhlanganise nezithombe eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 zamasosha, izinqola namahhashi, okwakungcwatshwa nombusi wokuqala weChina. Ibutho lalizomkhonza ngemuva kokufa. Lapho iqoqo litholakala, kwezinye izithombe, amapende okupenda kanye nezinsalela zezinto ezibophayo zitholakala, okungajwayelekile kakhulu phakathi kwezithombe zasendulo. Ama-pigments aye abhekwa njengama-mineral compounds afana ne-cinnabar, i-azurite ne-malachite. Ososayensi abakwazanga ukucacisa isimo se-binder kanye nendlela ecacile yokubala. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, abacwaningi baseChina bakwazi ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo ethakazelisayo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abaculi basendulo baqala ukumboza imidwebo ngezingxenye ezimbili noma ezimbili ze-lacquer, eyatholakala kwi "varnish tree". Emva kwalokho, izendlalelo ze-polychrome zisetshenzisiwe, futhi lokhu kwenziwa noma ku-varnish noma ku-binder etholakala ku-gelatin yezilwane.
5. Imfihlakalo yokudwengula emanzini
Cishe eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule, amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi kwe-Antarctic aqopha into ezwakalayo ezwakalayo efana ne-duck quack. Kusobala ukuthi lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka, ngoba lezi zinyoni azikwazanga ukuba khona. Ngokuthakazelisayo, imisindo yabhalwa kuphela ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo nasebusika. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, ososayensi bakwazi ukuveza ukuthi imisindo ivela emagqumeni - amancane ama-minke whale. Lokhu kutholakala kuzosiza ososayensi ukulandelela ngokunembile izindlela zabo zokufuduka.
6. Imfihlo yamasaka ama-mammoths
Ososayensi isikhathi eside bahlukumeza umbuzo wokuthi kungani okungu-70% wezinsalela ezitholakalayo zamammoth kungabesilisa. Ngo-2017, ithimba lokucwaninga lafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi isilinganiso socansi sathonywe ubukhulu kanye nokuphila komphakathi kwalezi zilwane. Ama-Mammoths, njengezindlovu, ahlala ngamaqembu aphethwe abesifazane. Izinkomo ezincane ezinjalo zazihlanganisa abameleli besifazane nabantwana abancane, futhi lapho amadoda ekhula, axoshwa futhi ahlala ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yalokho, izilinganiso ezingenalwazi zazingekho ezimweni ezaholela ekufeni, kodwa futhi zanikele ekulondolozeni kangcono izinsalela. Ezingcupheni zemvelo ezibulalayo zingahle zibhekiswe emanzini, ama-crevices nama-dips. Izinsalela zavikelwa ekungenikeni kwezulu, ngakho-ke zasinda kuze kube yilolu suku.
7. Imfihlo yecala elimnyama lenyanga
Ngesikhathi sokuqala izithombe zendawo emnyama yesathelayithi zenziwa ngo-1959 eSovietcraft Luna-3. Abaningi bamangazwa ukuthi emkhatsini wezithombe zenyanga kwakungekho ndawo enkulu emnyama, okuyizinto eziningi ohlangothini olubonakalayo. Babizwa ngokuthi "olwandle olwandle". Lokhu kuchazwa yi-version yabososayensi ukuthi inyanga yenziwa ngamabhantshi akha emva kokushayisana kwezinto ezivela Mars kuya eMhlabeni. Phakathi nale nqubo, kukhishwe inani elikhulu lokushisa. Uhlangothi olubomvu lwacubungula ngokushesha kunengxenye eyayibhekene noMhlaba, okubangelwa ukwakheka kwe-crust thick.
8. Imfihlakalo yeHuven U-26
Ngo-1914, kwaqaliswa umkhumbi wamanzi u-U-26, futhi uLieutenant Commander Egewolph von Berkheim waqala ukuyiyala. Wenza imisebenzi eminingana ephumelelayo, kepha ngo-Agasti 1915, umkhumbi wamanzi wawunqamuka kanye nabo bonke abasebenzi baseBaltic Sea. Phakathi neminyaka yokucwaninga, imibono eminingi yafakwa, ngabe kwenzekani. Kunezinguqulo, imbangela ingasebenzi ukungasebenzi noma imayini yolwandle. I-wreckage yomkhumbi yatholwa ngo-2014 engxenyeni eseningizimu yeGulf of Finland. I-main main of the crash - amaRussia abeka ezindaweni eziningi ezimayini, okuyinto umkhumbi wamanzi owafinyelela kuwo.
9. Imfihlakalo ye-Indianapolis Cruiser
Ngo-1945, kwaba nenhlekelele - ukukhukhula komkhumbi wempi, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. I-cruiser yayisesabelo - kwakufanele ihambise e-US Air Force base, e-Tinian Island, izingxenye zebhomu le-athomu. Lapho umsebenzi usuphelile, umkhumbi wawubuyele emisebenzini yawo yansuku zonke, kodwa wawubanjwe umkhumbi wamanzi waseJapane owawuya ePhilippines. Emva kokuthumela isignali yokucindezeleka, umkhumbi wawela phansi emaminithini angu-12. futhi kwabangu-1196 abantu bazama ukugwaza 316, kanti abanye bafa emanzini. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola indawo yokuthungatha umkhumbi isikhathi eside, kodwa kutholakala idatha entsha ka-2016, eyasiza ekunqumeni isayithi lokudilikelwa komkhumbi kanye nezinsalela ezingamamitha ayizihlanu ezinhlanu.
10. Imfihlo "yamathuna yamandulo" yamandulo
Ngenxa yokunwetshwa kwePan-American Highway ehlane laseChilean Atacama, kutholakala inqwaba yezinhlanzi. Ososayensi babengenakuqonda ukuthi kungani izilwane zakhetha le ndawo ukuze zife. Isizathu senziwa ngokuboniswa kwezinto ezintathu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imikhomo yafa ngezikhathi ezihlukene, ngakho ososayensi baye baqaphela izikhathi ezine ezihlukene. I-main main of the death is algae eziyingozi, ezisekhona ogwini laseChile.
11. Imfihlakalo Yokufa Kwezingqungquthela Ezinkulu
Kukholelwa ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu eziwake zahlala emhlabeni zaziyi-gigantopithecines. Kubunzima bezinsalela eziningana ukwahlulela usayizi wabo wangempela, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhula kwabo kwakungu-1.8-3 m, nesisindo sika 200-500 kg. Ososayensi baqhubekisela phambili umbono wokuthi lezi zinkabi ezinkulu zazihlala esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-9 kuya ku-100 000 edlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abacwaningi eSenckenberg Centre bayaqiniseka ukuthi bayazi imbangela yokufa kwe-giant pituitary. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyiphutha lokuntuleka kwalezi zilwane ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila. Ngemva kokutadisha umkhombe wezinsalela, kwaphetha ngokuthi lezi zimbongolo zaziyimifino futhi zidla ikakhulukazi u-bamboo. Ngesikhathi sePleistocene, izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi lapho lezi zinkabi zaziphila khona, zazithatha imithombo yokudla. Ngakho-ke, zaphela ngaphambi kokuba zivumelane nokudla okusha.
12. Imfihlo ye-"Anson" engekho
EBrithani Columbia ngo-Okthoba 1942, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwezempi, indiza enezindiza ezine zaphazamiseka. Imisebenzi yokusesha okukhulu ayizange inikeze imiphumela. Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zamukelwe ngo-2013, lapho abasebenzi bekampani yokuloba bebenza umsebenzi esiqhingini saseVancouver. Abatholanga kuphela ukukhwabanisa kwezindiza, kodwa kanye nezinsalela zabaqhubi bezindiza.
13. Imfihlakalo yamathambo aseTibetan
Ososayensi baseYunivesithi yaseWashington banquma ukuthola ukuthi kungani eminyakeni engaba ngu-4 000 eyedlule, abantu basendulo baxoshwa e-East Tibet Plateau. Ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko ukuthi ngenxa yezinguquko zezulu kule nsimu kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhulisa umkhiqizo oyinhloko wokudla kwawo - imithi. Ngqolowa nebhali zazingeniswa kule ndawo kuphela eminyakeni engama-300 kamuva.
14. Imfihlo ye "head of Boshem"
Abacwaningi bathola okuningi emhlabeni, kanti ezinye zezinto ezitholakalayo zashaqisa ngempela, ngakho, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 edlule e-Chichester, eNgilandi, itholakala inhloko yamatshe enesisindo esingama-170 kg. Kuze kube ngo-2013, abavubukuli babengazi umthombo wangempela walokhu okutholayo. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokuskena laser, obubuyisela izici zobuso ngisho nekhanda, ikhanda labonakala njengengxenye yesithombe sombusi waseRoma uTrajan. Izinsuku zomkhiqizo kusukela ngonyaka ka-122 n. e. Kukhona ukucabangela ukuthi lesi sithombe esetshenziselwa ukubingelela abahambi abangena esangweni laseChichester ekuqaleni.
15. Imfihlakalo yezindiza uBarry Troy
Esinye imfihlakalo sabonakaliswa ngenxa yesiphepho esinamandla. Ngonyaka ka-1958, uLieutenant Thomas Barry Troy, oyingxenye yeRoyal Canadian Navy, wanyamalala e-radar ngesikhathi sezindiza futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi akekho oye wabona umfana noma indiza. Into kuphela engatholakala ngesikhathi sokusesha kuyisondo esivela kule indiza kanye nesigqoko. Ngenxa yesiphepho i-Irma, ama-debris afika emhlabathini, phakathi kwawo atholakala ibhande elinomuthi othi "uLieutenant Troy". Kukholelwa ukuthi sonke lesi sikhathi i-paratrooper yangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwezingunqamu zesihlabathi, ngakho ayitholakalanga. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-parachute ayizange ivuliwe. Azikho izinsalela ezitholakale, azikho izingcezu ezinkulu zezindiza ezitholakalayo, ngakho akucaci ngqo ukuthi kwenzeke yini le nhlekelele.
16. Imfihlakalo ye "Santa Maria" ebanjwe
Umvubukuli wamanzi ongaphansi kwamanzi uBarry Clifford wenza izinto eziningana ezibalulekile, ngakho wathola umkhumbi wama-pirate ogcwele ingcebo, futhi uthi uthola indawo lapho umkhumbi uColumbus Santa Maria ewa khona ngo-1492. UClifford wanquma ukuhlanganisa indawo enqaba eyakhiwa uColumbus, namarekhodi ezincwadini zakhe zokubhala. Imiphumela yammangaza, njengoba umvubukuli ethola ukuthi ithimba lakhe lase liyisikhathi eside lithwebula isithombe seColumbus. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umkhumbi ubukhulu obufanayo no-Santa Maria, futhi unezikhali ezifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bambalwa ngokungabaza ukuthi isitsha esitholile sasike saba nguColumbus.
17. Imfihlo yokuqothulwa kwezimpisi zaseTasmanian
Lezi zilwane zibizwa ngokuthi ingulube ye-marsupial noma i-tilatsin, futhi zaphela ekuthunjweni ngo-1936. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bekukhona ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi abantu bahlangana nalezi zilwane zasendle, ulwazi aluqinisekisiwe. Ososayensi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa imfihlakalo, kungani ngalezo zinsuku lezi zimpisi zafa ezweni lase-Australia, kodwa zakwazi ukusinda esiqhingini saseTasmania. Kukhona izinguqulo ezenziwa yi-tilatsiny ngenxa yesifo noma ngenxa yokuncintisana ne-dingo. Ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi yonke icala lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Izimpisi ezihlala e-Australia azikwazanga ukumelana nesimo sezulu esishisayo.