Laba besifazane benza izinto ezitholwa yizo zesayensi.
1. Hedi Lamarr
I-actress yefilimu uHedy Lamarr isadunyiswa ngokuthi "owesifazane omuhle kunabo bonke emhlabeni", kodwa ukufeza kwakhe okuyinhloko yiprojekthi ethi "The Secret Communication System". Kwakuyi-ubuchwepheshe ukuthi amasosha asetshenziselwa ukulawula izidakamizwa ezikude ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. "Uhlelo lokuxhumana lwangasese" lusetshenziselwa ngokusebenzayo kumanethiwekhi weselula namanethiwekhi.
2. Ada Lovelace
Countess Lovelace ubizwa ngokuthi umqambi wokuqala wezwe. Ngo-1843, u-Ada wabhala uhlelo lokuxazulula izinkinga ezithile zezibalo ngomshini owadalwa kamuva. Wabuye wabikezela ukuthi amakhomphyutha ngeke akwazi kuphela ukubala amafomu e-algebraic, kodwa futhi adala imisebenzi yomculo.
3. Grace Hopper
Ikhulu leminyaka emva kwe-Ada Lovelace, i-Admiral Grace Grace Hopper ehlelwe ohlelweni olulodwa lwekhompyutha yokuqala yaleso sikhathi - uMarku 1. Wakha futhi umqambi wokuqala - umhumushi wekhompiyutha wesiNgisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-COBOL ugogo wakhetha uhlelo lokukhomba amaphutha amakhompyutha emva kwesigamu esifushane kuMark II ebhubhisa amahora amaningi omsebenzi wakhe.
UStephanie Kwolek
Kusukela ezigumbini ze-bulletproof kuya ezintambo ze-fiber optic - kukho konke lokhu ungabonga umkhandi wamakhemikhali uStephanie Kwolek. Phela, nguye owasungula indwangu ye-Kevlar, eqina izikhathi ezinhlanu kunensimbi futhi enezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokungena umlilo.
5. Annie Easley
Ngesikhathi esekude no-1955 u-Annie waqala ukusebenza eNASA, wayengenayo imfundo ephakeme. Kodwa ukungabi khona kwediploma akuzange kumvimbele ekudaleni izinhlelo zokulinganisa imimoya yelanga, ukuvuselela ukuguqulwa kwamandla nokulawula ama-accelerator yamassila.
6. Marie Sklodowska-Curie
Ngisho nakulezo zinsuku ezikude nobufazi, umsebenzi wezakhi zamakhemikhali kanye nesayensi yemvelo, uMarius Curie, wahlonishwa kakhulu ngumphakathi wesayense, futhi amaphrojekthi akhe amasha emsakazweni azuzwa yiNobel Prizes ngo-1903 no-1911. Wayenguye wesifazane wokuqala ukuthola i-Nobel Prize edumile.
7. UMaria Telkes
Wayengekho ama-ovens amaningi anokwanele kanye nama-conditioner air, ngakho uMaria Telkes wadala uhlelo lwebhethri yelanga, olusasebenza ngokusebenzayo. Eminyakeni yama-1940, uMaria wasiza ukwakha izindlu zokuqala zokushisa kwelanga, lapho ukushisa kwezokududuza kwakugcinwa ngisho nasezimo ezinzima zasebusika zaseMassachusetts ebusika.
8. UDorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin
UDorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin waziwa ngokuthi umdali we-protini crystallography. Yena ngosizo lwe-X-rays wenza ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo se-penicillin, i-insulini ne-vitamin B12. Ngo-1964, kulezi zifundo, uDorothy wathola umklomelo weNobel owawufanelwe kahle eKhemistry.
9. Catherine Blodgett
U-Miss Blodgett wayenguyena wesifazane wokuqala wokuthola i-degree kumfizikiki evela eCambridge. Futhi ngo-1938, uCatherine wasungula ingilazi yokuphikisa. Lokhu kusungulwa kusasetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhamera, izibuko, amakholesiksi, ama-lens ezithombe kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Uma ugqoka izibuko, khona-ke unento yokubonga uK Kathryn Blodgett.
10. Ida Henrietta Hyde
I-physiologist enekhono, i-Ida Hyde yasungula i-microelectrode ekwazi ukuvuselela isisindo somuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kutholakala kuye kwashintsha umhlaba we-neurophysiology. Ngo-1902, waba yilungu lokuqala le-American Physiological Society.
11. I-Virginia Apgar
Wonke owesifazane ujwayele leli gama. Kusemkhakheni wezempilo we-Apgar ukuthi isimo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sisacubungulwa. Odokotela-neonatologists bakholelwa ukuthi ekhulwini lama-20 iVirginia Apgar wenza okungaphezulu ukuthuthukisa impilo yabomama nezingane kunanoma ubani omunye.