9 ukuhlolwa okunonya kakhulu emlandweni wezokwelapha

I-Psychology isayensi ehlola ukuziphatha komuntu noma isilwane esimweni esinikeziwe. Ukucwaninga kule ndawo kusiza umphakathi wanamuhla ukuthi uhambe phambili, ubheke izimpendulo zenkinga ezivutha kakhulu, ukubhekana nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze- psyche . Izimpumelelo eziningi kakhulu ziwumphumela wezivivinyo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinobudlova emlandweni wezokwelapha, nakuba ezinye zazo azizange zilahle izindleko zokuphila kwabantu.

9 ukuhlolwa okunonya kakhulu kwengqondo

1. Uhlolo olufuna ukufakazela ukuthi ubulili bomntwana ekuzalweni abukhathazi futhi uma befisa, bungavuswa kusuka emntwaneni njengentombazane, nomfana. Isihloko sasinguBruce Reimer, owalukile enyangeni eyizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, kodwa ipenisi isuswe yiphutha lezokwelapha. Isazi sezokwelapha esaziwa kakhulu uJohn Mani sasiholela ingane ekukhuliseni, kulungele ukubuka kulo magazini. Wanikezwa imisebenzi eminingana, amahomoni anikezwe, kodwa ekugcineni ukuhlolwa kwahluleka, futhi wonke amalungu omndeni athintekile: uyise waba ngumlutha wotshwala, unina nomfowabo babecindezeleke kakhulu, futhi uReimer yena eneminyaka engu-38 ubudala wazibulala.
2. Izivivinyo ezingu-9 ezinonya kunazo zonke zazibandakanya isifundo sokuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngabanye. Umlingisi uHarry Harlow wakhetha ama-cubs kumama wezinkawu futhi ahlukaniswe unyaka. Ukungaqondakali kwengqondo ezitholakala ezinganeni kuye kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi ngisho nezingane ezijabulisayo akuzona ukuzivikela ekucindezelekeni .
3. Ukuhlolwa okuholela esiphethweni sokuthi umuntu uhambisa kalula igunya futhi akanakuzaza ukwenza imiyalo engacabangeki kakhulu. Lwenziwa nguStanley Milgram, owanikeza imiyalo yokuhlola ukushaya ukukhishwa kwamanje komunye ohlanganyele ekuhlolweni. Izihloko ziqhubekile ukwenza lokhu ukwazi ukuthi ukukhishwa kwafinyelela kuma-volts angu-450. Futhi lokhu kungenye yezinguquko ezingu-9 ezinonya ezengqondo.
4. Uhlolo olwaluhlose ukukhomba ukucindezeleka okungapheli nokungabi nasizo kubonakala kubantu ngabanye emva kokuhluleka kokuhluleka. Lezi zivivinyo zaqhutshwa izinja ngabacwaningisi bezengqondo, uSteve Mayer noMark Seligman, ababeka izilwane ezikhungweni eziphindaphindiwe zamanje. Ekugcineni, ngisho nokuthuthela emgodini ovulekile, izinja azange zibalekele futhi ziyeke ukuhlukunyezwa. Bajwayele ukugwema.
5. Ukuzama ukutadisha uhlobo lwezesaba nama-phobias. Wenziwa nguJohn Watson phezu komfana oneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, owayenomntwana oneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, owaqala ukwesaba isilwane esimhlophe nezinye izinto ezihilelekile ekuhlolweni. Emzamweni ngamunye wengane yokudlala nesilwane, ngemuva kwesandla sakhe bashaya isando sensimbi epulazini yensimbi.
6. Ezingu-9 ezivivinyweni ezinonya, lowo owafunda ubuhlakani bomuntu naye uhilelekile. Okuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe nguKarin Landis, owawafotela ngesikhathi sokushiwo kwemizwa ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Kulesi simo, akukho okuvamile kule nkulumo etholakala, kanye namakhompi aphilayo, lapho lezi zihloko ziqeda amakhanda abo, zahlushwa izinhlungu ezimbi.
7. Ukuzama ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yezidakamizwa emzimbeni kwenziwa ngezilwane ezazenzele umonakalo omkhulu futhi ekugcineni zafa.
8. Isivivinyo sokutadisha ukuziphatha kanye nemigomo yenhlalo yabantu abanemibandela ye-atypical kubo. Wenziwa nguFiliphu Zimbardo phezu kwabafundi ekulingiseni ijele futhi kuthiwa yi-Stanford prison. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwakhe, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zahlukaniswa zaba abalindi neziboshwa, ekugcineni zazijwayele izindima zabo ezimo eziyingozi ezaqala ukuvela. Kwaphazamiseka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuphela kokuthi izizathu zokuziphatha ziphela.
9. Ukuzama ukuhlanza izinsizakalo ze-servicemen ezivela kubantu abathintana nabo ngokobulili okungewona wendabuko. Iphethwe ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 empini yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzi abayizinkulungwane ezingaba ngu-1 000, abahlonishwa yizifo zengqondo zezempi, bathunyelwa ukwelashwa okwesabisa, baphoqeleka ukuthatha ama-hormone, abanye baze baphoqeleka ukuba bashintshe ubulili babo.