Amabhethri, abavuthayo kanye namawashi alamu: ubufakazi betholakala ukuthi basetshenziswe ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi sethu!
Isintu samanje sithuthuka kancane kancane emkhakheni womlando wonke wokuba khona kwayo emhlabeni. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukutholakala okukodwa kwalandela enye, ngoba yonke imiphakathi yaqala ukusebenza, ixubene nabantu abakhelene nayo futhi yazama ukunqoba umhlaba wonke ngosizo lwempumelelo yabososayensi bayo, izakhiwo kanye nemicabango yokucabanga. Kungenzeka ukuthi usho ngokuqondile izinto eziyisithupha ezenziwe ngokumangalisayo zesikhathi esidala okuyinto isayensi yamanje echaza ngokubunzima.
1. Amabhethri aneminyaka engu-2000 ubudala
Wonke umuntu ohlala eplanethi yomhlaba ujabulela amabhethri namuhla: ngaphandle kwabo kakade kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ukhona. Kuvela ukuthi abantu basendulo bahlanganyela ngokugcwele lokhu kuncike emithonjeni yamandla ephathekayo. Iqoqo leMyuziyamu eBaghdad liphethe i-jug, okungenani iminyaka engu-2000 ubudala. Yenziwe ngobumba futhi ibonakala ingathandeki, kodwa ngaphakathi kwayo kuyindlela ehlukile. Isilinda esenziwe ngethusi ephethe induku yensimbi ehlanganisiwe yanyatheliswa kanye ngeviniga noma iwayini futhi ikhiqiza amandla okwanele okwenzela igolide. Ngokusobala, kamuva ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhetri bulahlekile noma buhlukanisiwe.
2. Astrolabe nge amathuba engavamile
I-Astrolabe iyisitsha sokubala kwezinkanyezi, esakhiwe ngekhulu le-15. Yilokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwafika ngo-1900, lapho abavela ngemuva kwezipanji eziseduze neCrete bathola izinto eziyimfihlakalo. Phakathi kwezingxenye zezithombe zasendulo nezindatshana, ezitholakala ngokujulile, zathola indlela eyenziwe ngamagesi angaziwa. Okubhalwe kulesi sihloko sathi sakhiwe ngo-80 BC. Ngokungafani nhlobo ne-astrolabe, idivayisi yasendulo yayimise imisebenzi engajwayelekile lapho incazelo engayitholanga ngisho nasekhulwini lama-XXI.
3. Ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele yezibuko eziphathekayo
I-bronze yasungulwa yi-Chinese eminyakeni engaba ngu-2000 edlule. Emashumini ambalwa nje kuphela beza nobuchwepheshe obungenazo izifanisi namuhla. Emuva kwesibuko kwakusetshenziswe iphethini noma i-hieroglyph eyaboniswa odongeni uma ilanga ilanga eliqondile. Ukuziqhenya komdwebo kwakuwukuthi kwakunamaphutha aphezulu okudweba ngesandla, ongayenza, ehlomile kuqala ngeglasi elikhazimulayo elinamandla kakhulu.
4. Isibani asizange sikhuphuke no-Edison
Ososayensi baye badideka isikhathi eside ngokuthi amaGibhithe asendulo ayekhanyisa kanjani amapiramidi kanye nama-grottos angaphansi komhlaba ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Ithiyori yokuqala eyabonisa ukukhanya okuphazamisayo futhi eyinikeza isiqondiso, ngokusemthethweni, ayinakwenzeka: ukukhanya kukhanya kakade lapho kushaya isiphetho esibukweni sesithathu nesine. Emadongeni asethempelini laseGibithe kukhona izitsha zobumba eziboniswa amabhethri, okwenza ukukhanya. Idivaysi yabo ifana nesakhiwo sezibani ze-incandescent ezenziwe ngekhulu lama-20. Izintambo ezincane zethusi ezivela ezinkalini ezinjalo zatholakala ngisho nasethuneni likaTutankhamun.
5. Amaphrotheni, aneminyaka engu-5000 ubudala
Odokotela baseGibhithe nabamaGreki ezikhathini zasendulo babekhathazekile ngokuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwabantu ngemuva kokulahlekelwa isilungu noma ukuphumelela ukusebenza. Ngakho kwakukhona i-prosthetics: i-sock yokuqala ye-prosthetic yenziwa cishe eminyakeni engu-3000 BC. Waphindaphinda uhlangothi lweminwe yakhe futhi wanamathele ngokuqinile enkaleni yesikhumba.
6. I-Flamethrower-siphonophora
Ngo-420 BC. e-Battle of Delium, amaGreki azama isikhali esisha, esiwabiza ngokuthi "siphonophorus" noma "umlilo wamaGreki." Kufana nalabo abashushumbisayo, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi abasetshenziswe ngamapholisa asemazweni aseNtshonalanga. Lesi siphonophor senziwa ngendlela yethubhu yethusi, lapho ingxube engcolisayo ephuma emafutheni newayini ihlanzwa ngejet. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo akuzange kwenzeke ukuthi kungenzeka ukucima umlilo ngokushesha futhi ugeze ukwakheka esikhumbeni somuntu noma isikhumba somkhumbi.
7. Iwashi le-Alarm likaPlato
Isazi sefilosofi sasendulo saseGreki uPlaton akafuni ukuphuthuma emakilasi esikoleni kubafundi futhi wabuza umfundi ukuba asebenzise iwashi lamanzi. Bakhipha isignali yomsindo, isikhumbuzo sokuthi maduzane inkulumo izoqala. Lokhu kwakhiwa kwamkelwa amaRoma nama-Arabs, lapho edala ama-alamu wamanzi, ekhombisa indlela yesitha.
8. Phonsa imali - uzothola amanzi ... ekhulwini lokuqala BC.
Ekhulwini lokuqala BC. emasontweni aseGrisi lasendulo babefakwe imishini yokuthengisa lapho ungathenga amanzi angcwele ukuze ugeze izandla ngaphambi kokungena ekamelweni. Ngemuva kokuthi imali isetshenziswe yilowo mgwendwe emgodini okhethekile, indlela yethangi ngokushesha inikeze ingxenye yamanzi kumakhasimende.
9. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuhambisa amanzi, oluyiminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000 ubudala
Ngo-600 BC. izakhamuzi zaseRoma lasendulo zakhathele ukuhlala odakeni nokungcola - futhi zaqhuba umkhumbi wokuqala emhlabeni. Imigudu lapho izidakamizwa zomsebenzi obalulekile ezihlanganisiwe zazibizwa ngokuthi i-cloaca futhi zithathwe eTiber. Uhlelo olwakhiwa ngabadwebi basendulo lwaluphelele kakhulu kangangokuba ingxenye yesakhiwo esidala isetshenziswa kabi kuze kube yilolu suku.
10. Isibhamu se-acoustic - hhayi isikhali sanamuhla
Ngo-2005, abahlaseli baseSomalia bahlasela iSiborn Spirit liner, okwabaleka ngenxa yezikhali zakamuva - isibhamu esizwakalayo esenza umsindo ohlabayo, okhathaza ukubona nokuzwa komuntu. Noma kunjalo, le mpumelelo yentuthuko yesayensi inomlando wayo wesendulo wasendulo, owadala ezikhathini zangaphambili ngama-Israyeli.
Emhlabeni we-VIII weminyaka eyi-BC. Eduze neJerusalema kwakuyizindawo zokuhlala eJeriko, okwabhujiswa yisikhali esifanayo: namuhla kuthiwa yi "ipayipi yaseJeriko". ETestamente Elidala kuthiwa:
"Ngosuku lwesikhombisa bazungeza umuzi kasikhombisa. UJoshuwa wathi kubantu: "Bekani indlebe, ngokuba uJehova ukunike umuzi." Abantu bamemeza, namacilongo amemeza; udonga lwasemadolobheni lwawa phansi.
Lona incazelo yokuthunjwa kweJeriko, okwabhujiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, ngokusho kososayensi. Bathi kubangelwa umsindo omkhulu, owaqala ukuhlangana nezakhiwo zokwakha.