Amahomoni wesifazane - isici esibalulekile esinqumayo impilo yonke yobulili obuhle. Zithinta ukubonakala, uhlamvu, umzimba, izinzwa nezengqondo. Isizinda sama-hormonal sinesibopho somzimba wesikhumba, ukuphakama, isisindo, umbala nobukhulu bezinwele, isifiso, ubulili bobulili, isimo sengqondo.
I-hormone yamazinyane eziyinhloko
Lezi zinto zikhiqizwa cishe yizo zonke izitho zomzimba: isibindi, ama-tissu amafutha, ubuchopho, i-thyroid, inhliziyo. Izidalwa zenyama zihlelwe ukuze kuzo zonke izibili amahomoni abesilisa nabesifazane akhiqizwe kanyekanye. Kodwa inamba kanye nenani lalabo abameleli bobulili obuhlukile lihle kakhulu. Isizinda se-hormonal sakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwemithi engu-60 ehlukene. Futhi uma amahomoni angama-hormone amabhinqa akhiqizwa ngokweqile noma enganele ngokwanele, lokhu kuholela ezinkingeni.
Izinguquko ezingeni lezinto zithonywa yizici:
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukukhathala okuqhubekayo;
- ukubhema;
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- ukukhubazeka okubuthakathaka;
- amagciwane nama-bacterium;
- ukulungiswa kwefa;
- ama-parasites;
- eminye imithi.
I-hormone estrogen
Lezi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Amahomoni ama-steroidal wesifazane akhiqizwa ama-ovari futhi anesibopho somsebenzi wokubeletha. I-Estrogens ithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zobulili - kokubili kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, - lawula umjikelezo wesimiso . Bakwazi ukwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini futhi bavimbele i-atherosclerosis. Ukwengeza, i-estrogens yi-hormone yabesifazane enomthwalo wokulondoloza i-calcium balance, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kagesi nokuvuselela isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba ukukhiqiza izifo zamagciwane.
I-progesterone hormone
Into ekhiqizwa kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ihlobene nendawo yokuzala. Ngokuvamile, i-hormone ye-hormone ye-hormone ibizwa ngokuthi i-hormone yokukhulelwa, ngoba ilungisa ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho futhi lusiza iqanda elivundisiwe ukuba lizuze, liyakuthanda ukuthwala ingane. Kodwa lokhu akuyona yonke imisebenzi yayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i- progesterone :
- iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izicubu ezahlukene;
- kushukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum;
- ukwandisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi;
- ulawula umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini (kufaka phakathi ukuyeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa).
I-Hormone estradiol
Into esemqoka yeqembu lama-estrogens. Amahomoni wesifazane, ogama lakhe lingu-estradiol, likhiqizwa emaqanda ama-ovari nase-placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Yilezo zinto ezenza owesifazane wesifazane wesifazane. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-estradiol:
- isikhumba sibe mnhle;
- i-timbre yezwi iyakhula;
- zakhiwe izicubu ezinamafutha angaphansi komhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi isifuba sanda futhi sinamathanga;
- umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uya ejwayelekile;
- Ama-ovari enza ama-follicles;
- isikhumba sibe sithenda ngaphezulu, sibhebhezela, sincane.
I-hormone oxytocin
Ikhiqizwa ku-hypothalamus - umnyango wezobuchopho, olawula izinqubo zokuxilonga emzimbeni, umsebenzi we-endocrine kanye nesistimu yokuzala. Kusuka kuwo, izinto ezikhiqizwayo zihamba emgodini we-pituitary, futhi kusukela lapho kuya ezitsheni kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Oxytocin yi-hormone yothando. Kubangela ukuzwa uthando, uthando, isisa nokuthula, kuthinta ukuziphatha komuntu.
Ngesikhathi, ngesikhathi esondelana, owesifazane ngokuzumayo uyaqaphela ukuthi ufuna ukudala umndeni nomlingani wakhe - lokhu kuyi-oxytocin. Ososayensi be-English baye bafakazela ukuthi i-hormone yothando nayo ihlanganyela ekukhulelweni kwengane - "isebenzisa" i-spermatozoa eqandeni. Ibuye isetshenziselwe abesifazane besifazane, uma ukuhlukunyezwa kungazelelwe kube buthakathaka. Futhi leyo oxytocin ayiyekanga ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngenxa yokwesaba noma imizwa, kubalulekile ukugcina indawo ezolile nezothula ehholo lomhlaba.
Testosterone yamahomoni
Kubhekwa njengabantu besilisa, ngoba ngobuningi kakhulu kungashintsha zonke izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni wesifazane. I-testosterone ithinta isibalo, isimo sezinwele, isikhumba. Okufanelekile, uma ama-hormone wesilisa emzimbeni wesifazane ejwayelekile. Kulokhu, imisipha ihlale isonwekile futhi ithini, futhi amathambo - aqinile. Zitholele la mahomoni wesifazane neminye imisebenzi. Yilezi:
- sebenzisa izamukeli zezocansi;
- ngcono isimo sengqondo;
- ukwehlisa izinga lokucindezeleka ;
- bangela umuzwa wokuthula nokwaneliseka;
- ngcono inkumbulo, ukugxila kokunakwa.
I-hormone thyroxine
I-hormone eyinhloko, eyenziwe yi-gland yegciwane, inomthelela osebenzayo kuzo zonke izitho nezinhlelo. Umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo walesisimo awukona kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzyme thyroxine - ihomoni ye-thyroid - iguqulwa ibe yi-T3 esebenzayo (triiodothyronine). Ngemuva kwalokho, lo mzimba ungena egazini futhi usakazeka ngamaseli omzimba, lapho umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezicubu nokulawula umzimba.
I-hormone i-norepinephrine
Kubizwa nangokuthi i-hormone yesibindi nokufutheka. It is ithuthuk in the adrenal gland ngaleso sikhathi lapho umuntu ewela esimweni esicindezelayo. Amahomori womzimba wesifazane - ikakhulukazi i-norepinephrine - zinike ukuzethemba. Ngesizo salesi sidakamizwa, akusihle kuphela ukubhekana nokucindezeleka. Kuyasiza lula futhi ngokushesha ukuxazulula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke, ukuthola izindlela ezivela ezimweni ezingathandeki.
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-hormone wesifazane norepinephrin nawo abizwa ngokuthi imithombo yenjabulo nokukhululeka. Isizathu siwukuthi bayakwazi ukunciphisa i- adrenaline . Ngenxa yalokho, ukwesaba okubangelwa yilokugcina kuholela ekuphumuleni. Izinqubo ezibalulekile ezihambisanayo zijwayelekile: i-pulse ibuyiselwe, ukucindezela kunciphisa, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liphuthuma.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamahomoni wesifazane
Amahomoni amaningi athunyelwa ekufundeni isizinda se-hormonal. Izinga elishintshiwe lamahomoni wesifazane angabonisa ukuphazamiseka okuhlukile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Into esemqoka ukuthola imiphumela efanele. Ukwenza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuba uhambisane nemithetho eyisisekelo yokuthatha ukuhlaziywa nokuyilungiselela:
- Kubalulekile ukuqhuba inqubo ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho.
- Bahlangene ukuze banikele ngegazi kumahomoni wesifazane, ngosuku oluthile lo cwaningo lulahla ngokuphelele utshwala, ukubhema, ukwenza izinto zomzimba, ubulili.
- Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kuphile kahle.
- Uma owesifazane ethatha noma yimiphi imithi, ngesonto ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi, ukwelashwa noma inkambo yokuvimbela kufanele imiswe. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu, kubalulekile ukuxwayisa ochwepheshe mayelana nemithi ethathwe.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ama hormone asebenzayo ahlukene abesifazane azinikezwa ngezinsuku ezahlukene zokujikeleza kokuya esikhathini:
- I-prolactin , i-LH ne-FSH: izinsuku ezingu-3-5.
- I-Testosterone: izinsuku ezingu-8-10.
- I-Estradiol ne-progesterone: ngezinsuku ezingu-21-22 (noma izinsuku ezingu-7 emva kokuvuthwa okucacile).
Ngesikhathi sokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni wesifazane?
Ukutadisha amahomoni wesifazane kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela ukukhulelwa futhi uma kukhona ukusola kokusebenza kabi kwe-hormonal system. Izizathu zokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamahomoni wesifazane zingacatshangelwa:
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu;
- ukungabi namuntu;
- ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
- izifo zezintuthwane ezincelisayo;
- i-acne;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezinso;
- ubuningi bezinwele emzimbeni;
- isisindo ngokweqile noma ngokweqile.
Amahomoni wesifazane - kuvamile
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kufanele ihunyushwe ngumchwepheshe. Ngokwakhe, isiguli singakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamahomoni ezinsikazi azinayo, nokuthi aziphi:
- Inani elivumelekile le-FSH lihluka phakathi nomjikelezo. Ezigaba zokuqala kufanele kube kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-11 mU / ml, kamuva - kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-45 mU / ml, ekugcineni - kusuka ku-1.5 ukuya ku-7 mU / ml.
- I-LH ekuqaleni komjikelezo iqukethe inani elingu-2 kuya ku-14 mU / ml. Ukusondela phakathi kwabo kuningi - kusukela ku-24 ukuya ku-150 mU / ml, futhi ekupheleni kokuncane-kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-17 mU / ml.
- I-Estradiol engxenyeni ye-follicular ingaba yi-110 - 330 pmol / l, emva kwalokho izinga le-hormone liye landa ku- 477 - 1174 pmol / l futhi liwela ku-257 - 734 pmol / l.
- I-progesterone emzimbeni wesifazane kufanele ivela ku-0.32 kuya ku-56.63 nmol / l. Lapho ukhulelwe, ama-indices aphakama angama-771.5 nmol / l, futhi ngemuva kokuqala kokuya esikhathini akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-0.64 nmol / l.
- Isimiso seprolactin ngenyanga: 130 - 540 microU / ml, futhi ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini - kusuka ku-107 kuya ku-290 microU / ml.
Ukungabi namahomoni wesifazane
Izinguquko emlandweni we-hormonal zingenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Izinga lezidakamizwa zithinteka ngukudla, ukuguquka okungazelelwe ekudleni, ukudla isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile, izicubu, imikhuba emibi nokuningi. Cabanga ngendlela yokwandisa ama-hormone abesifazane, udinga lapho ubona izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- ukukhathala okusheshayo;
- ukungabikho noma ukwehla okungazelelwe kwe-libido;
- ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
- izinkinga zokukhulelwa kwengane;
- ukuhlukumeza;
- ukungabi namuntu;
- ukungabi khona kwe-ovulation;
- ukubonakala kwezimfihlo ezivela ezingxenyeni ze-mammary;
- ukukhula kwezinwele ezisebenzayo ngemuva, ubuso;
- izinkinga zesikhumba;
- i-neurosis;
- ukucasula;
- ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwezitho zangasese;
- ukubukeka okungazelelwe okungaqondakali kwezimpawu zokwelula esikhumbeni;
- ukoma kwamangqamuzana amancane;
- ukulala;
- ukujuluka okukhulu.
Ungaphatha ama-hormone awanciphile ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ungabuyisa isizinda se-hormonal ngosizo lwamaphilisi. Kodwa kufanele baqokwe ochwepheshe, becabangela zonke izici zomzimba.
- Uma ama-hormone ukungalingani kufanele alandele ekudleni okunempilo. Ukudla okunempilo okulinganayo kungaba nomthelela ofanayo nemithi. Kumele kufake imifino, izithelo, izinhlanzi kanye nezitsha zenyama. Amakhomoni wesifazane ekudleni afakwe esincane, kodwa lokhu kwanele ukuletha isizinda semvelo sejwayelekile.
- Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuzivikela ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Uma kunesidingo - ngosizo lwezinkinga zokucindezeleka.
- Ikhuthaza ukubuyiswa kwesizinda se-hormonal sendlela yokuzilibazisa. Umsebenzi ozithandayo uletha imizwelo emihle. Futhi lokhu kunomphumela omuhle emlandweni we-hormonal.
- Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuyeka imikhuba emibi. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ikhofi. Ukuhlukumeza i-caffeine ngokuvamile kubangela ukungabi namabhomu amahomoni.
Ukudlula amahomoni wesifazane
Inani elidlulele lemithi liphinde lithinte impilo engalungile. Lokhu kungabangela ukwephulwa kwe-ovulation, umjikelezo wesimiso, ukusabalala kwe-endometrium (egcwele hyperplasia). Kukhona okweqile kwamahomoni wesifazane anezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- ukunciphisa umjikelezo;
- ubunzima emilenzeni;
- ukubonakaliswa kwemithanjeni engenampilo;
- i-migraines;
- ukuvuvukala;
- ukuzuza ngokuzumayo;
- umuzwa wokucindezeleka esifubeni;
- ukuzwela kwezinsipho;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuphuma kwegazi okungapheli;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinwele;
- i-acne;
- ukungabi nesifiso sobulili;
- iziphetho ezibandayo.
Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kuxhomeke esibangelweni sokwanda kwesimiso se-hormonal. Ezinye iziguli zidinga ama-hormone wesifazane kumaphilisi, kanti abanye ngeke bakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Ukuze uhloniphe okwesikhashana ukwephulwa futhi uphathe ngokushesha, kufanele uhambe njalo uhlole izivivinyo zokuzivikela kumzimba wezifo zokwelapha bese uthatha izivivinyo ezifanele.